晶粒细化对金属材料腐蚀行为的影响研究进展

Grain refinement can strengthen the mechanical properties of materials according to the classical Hall–Petch relationship but does not always result in better corrosion resistance. During the past few decades, various techniques have been dedicated to refining grain, along with relevant studies on corrosion behavior, including general corrosion, pitting corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. However, the fundamental consensus on how grain size influences corrosion behavior has not been reached. This paper reviews existing literature on the beneficial and detrimental effects of grain refinement on corrosion behavior. Moreover, the effects of microstructural changes (i.e., grain boundary, dislocation, texture, residual stress, impurities, and second phase) resulting from grain refinement on corrosion behavior are discussed. The grain refinement not only has an impact on the corrosion performance, but also results in microstructural changes that have a non-negligible effect on corrosion behavior or even outweigh that of grain refinement. Grain size is not the only factor affecting the corrosion behavior of metallic materials; thus, the overall influence of microstructures on corrosion behavior should be understood.     

粉末冶金制备的AISI 8620钢渗碳后的磨损和力学性能

The effect of carburization on the tensile strength and wear resistance of AISI 8620 steel produced via powder metallurgy was investigated. Alloys 1 and 2 (with 0.2wt% C and 0.25wt% C, respectively) were first pressed at 700 MPa and then sintered at 1300, 1400, or 1500°C for 1 h. The ideal sintering temperature of 1400°C was determined. Afterward, Alloys 1 and 2 sintered at 1400°C were carburized at 925°C for 4 h. The microstructure characterization of alloys was performed via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical and wear behavior of carburized and noncarburized alloys were investigated via hardness, tensile, and wear tests. After carburization, the ultimate tensile strength of Alloys 1 and 2 increased to 134.4% and 138.1%, respectively. However, the elongation rate of Alloys 1 and 2 decreased to 62.6% and 64.7%, respectively. The wear depth values of Alloy 2 under noncarburized and carburized conditions and a load of 30 N were 231.2 and 100.1 μm, respectively. Oxidative wear changed to abrasive wear when the load transitioned from 15 to 30 N.     

变水头下管涌细颗粒迁移试验

为研究洪峰过境堤基发生管涌时内部细颗粒运动及迁出规律,采用变水头模拟洪水,对间断级配无黏性土进行室内管涌试验。以常水头下管涌规律作为对照组,使用彩砂追踪管涌过程中细颗粒的迁移,依据试验结果对不同细颗粒含量和不同孔隙比试样的渗透系数、细颗粒流失量等进行了分析。结果表明:变水头作用下,细颗粒在下降段存在逆流运动;细颗粒流失主要集中在下游,相同试验条件下,变水头流失的细颗粒比常水头多,迁移通道贯通范围大;细颗粒含量越大,孔隙比越小,在水头循环后最大破坏水力梯度差越大,细颗粒流失越严重。     

TEMPO氧化-高压均质联用制备柑橘纳米纤维素及其性质表征

以柑橘皮渣为原料,采用2,2, 6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基(TEMPO)介导氧化联合高压均质法制备柑橘纳米纤维素,研究次氯酸钠添加量(5、25、50mmol/g)对柑橘纳米纤维素长径比、形貌结构、理化性能等特性的影响。结果表明:随着次氯酸钠质量摩尔浓度的增加,柑橘纳米纤维素的直径和长度都逐渐缩短,并在50mmol/g时长度[(150.57±24.99)nm]与直径[(2.74±0.29)nm]达到最短。扫描电镜与红外光谱分析结果表明:随着氧化剂质量摩尔浓度的升高,柑橘纤维中的木质素、半纤维素被水解,柑橘纤维表面呈现出越来越粗糙的结构。X射线衍射和热重分析显示:氧化均质处理提高了柑橘纳米纤维素的结晶度和耐热性,且纤维素的Ⅰ型晶型未遭到破坏。理化性质分析表明:氧化均质处理可有效提高柑橘纳米纤维素持水力、持油力、胆固醇吸附力和葡萄糖吸附力,并在次氯酸钠质量摩尔浓度为50mmol/g时表现出最强的吸附力。纳米化的柑橘纤维素具有良好的功能特性,研究以期为柑橘皮渣的再利用提供一定的科学依据。     

中国股市与股指期市的对冲表现及市场非完备性

基于理论模型和数据实证两个角度考察了在市场非完备条件下, 我国股票市场与股指期市的对冲表现. 在理论上, 建立了市场非完备性与市场微观噪声及考虑噪声的对冲效果之间的关系. 在实证上, 首先提出了一种基于非参数估计的分析方法, 然后利用5分钟高频数据验证了模型假设的合理性及模型结论的正确性. 理论与实证都表明当一个市场非完备性程度越高时, 利用股指期货对冲股市风险就越应考虑市场微观噪声的影响. 实证结果还表明我国股票市场和股指期货市场间存在较高的非完备性. 不过,随着时间的推移,市场的非完备性存在减小的趋势.     

纳米ZrO_2颗粒强韧MoSi_2基复合材料

研究了热压纳米ＺｒＯ２粒子强韧ＭｏＳｉ２基复合材料的显微结构与力学性能，初步探讨了纳米ＺｒＯ２粒子的增韧补强机制．结果表明，复合材料的室温断裂韧性有了较大的提高，ＫＩｃ达到５．７９ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２．ＳＥＭ观察表明纳米ＺｒＯ２粒子既分布于基体材料的晶界同时也存在于晶粒内部，断口形貌呈现出沿晶与穿晶的混合型断裂特征．复合材料的韧化效应是由ＺｒＯ２粒子引起的相变韧化、晶粒桥接以及裂纹偏转等机制的综合作用．     

烧结温度对低压ZnO压敏陶瓷显微结构及性能的影响(2)

利用传统的电子陶瓷工艺,对ZnO—Bi_2O_3—TiO_2系低压压敏电阻材料,研究了不同烧结温度下材料的相结构,显微组织,电性能与烧结温度的关系。结果表明,在1150～1200℃温度范围内,可通过烧结温度,调整材料的压敏电压值,而材料的非线性系数α变化不大.     

离子注入对纯铁表层结构及抗蚀性能的影响

作者对离子注入对退火后的纯铁表层结构及抗蚀性能的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明，注入硼离子或钼离子，可获得表面非晶薄层；铬、钼多元素离子注入，在非晶层下得到第二相，并有较明显的过渡层；经氮离子来混合镀硅，可获得较厚的表面非晶型的陶瓷层；采用上述离子注入工艺，可使纯铁的抗腐蚀性能显著提高，其中氮离子束混合处理有最佳的表面改性效果．