The record of cultivated rice from archaeobiological evidence in northwestern China 5000 years ago

Pollen, plant seeds and phytoliths from an AMS dated sediment profile at the Xishanping site indicate that the cultivation of rice might start no later than 5070 cal. a BP in the region of Tianshui, Gansu Province. It continued from 5070 to 4300 cal. a BP. This is so far the oldest and the most northwestern record of cultivated rice in Neolithic China, which extends the known region of prehistoric rice cultivation at least 2° longitude to the west. This finding provides important evidence for reconstructing the cultivation region of rice at 5000 a BP （an important time period）, and its spreading history in East Asia, during the Neolithic.     

Reconstruction of temperature series of China for the last 1000 years

This paper reports a study on reconstructing temperature series for ten regions of China over the last 1000 years with a time resolution of 10 a. The regions concerned are: Northeast, North, East, South China, Taiwan, Central, Southwest, Northwest China, Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A variety of proxy data, such as ice core, tree-rings, stalagmites, peat, lake sediments, pollen and historical records, were validated with instrumental observations made in the last 120 years, and applied in the recon- struction of the temperature series. A temperature series for whole China is then established by aver- aging the ten regional series with a weighting proportional to the area of each region. Finally, tem- perature variations for the last 1000 years are examined, with special focus placed on the characteris- tics of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), the Little Ice Age (LIA), and Modern Warming (MW).     

近二十年"官督商办"研究述评

主要从官督商办体制的缘起、发展过程、性质与影响以及历史经验教训等方面,论述了近二十年来中国大陆学术界关于"官督商办"研究的大体情况,并对研究状况进行了总体检讨。     

Reconstruction and analysis of time series of ENSO for the last 500 years

This paper reports the classification of ENSO into seven categories according to annual (March to February of next year) mean SST of Ni(n)o 3.4 and composite index (ΔI) for the period of 1861～2000. Categories +3, +2, and +1 denote very strong, strong and weak warm episodes (E), -3, -2, and -1 mean very strong, strong and weak cold episodes (A). Absolute SST anomalies are about 1.5 ℃, 1.0 ℃ and 0.5 ℃ respectively for the categories 3, 2, and 1 (or -3, -2, and -1). The normal years are expressed as category 0. Annual categories of ENSO are estimated on the basis of proxy data from AD 1501 to 1860. And a series of ENSO category is established for the period of 1501～2000 in conjunction with the observational data. Comparison of proxy data with observations for 1874～1973 indicates that about 80% of the El Ni(n)o years and La Ni(n)a years can be reconstructed from proxy data, and the reliability of the reconstruction is verified. Analysis of the power spectrum of the reconstructed ENSO series shows significant peaks at QBO, 3～4a (year), 5～6a, and 10a period, the former three are in accordance with the observations for the last 100 years or more. Studies on long term variability of ENSO indicates that ENSO frequency is relatively stationary during the last 500 years, including the Little Ice Age (LIA) (1550～1850) and Modern Warming Period (the 20th century). However, the frequency of E is a little higher in the 20th century and that of A is somewhat higher during the LIA.     

林业机械设备合理折旧年限

<正>林业机械设备合理折旧年限的确定,是以常年在林区的条件下,从新机开始使用起以历年单机成本核算为基础,逐台通过计算机用逐点比较法优化处理,概率分析,最后经专家检验确定下来的。运材汽车为6～8年,集材拖拉机为6～7年,绞盘机为10年,森铁机车为15年。这些机械与原来规定相比较,如汽车生产效率可提高26～46％,每台汽车年均降低消费近千元,而且对机械设备维修和管理将会起很大作用。     

改革开放30年宁波城市文化建设的成就

改革开放30年，随着宁波经济的快速发展和城市地位的不断提升，宁波城市文化建设也取得了显著的成就。尤其是在和谐宁波的创建、慈善事业的发展及宁波精神的提炼与弘扬三个方面形成了宁波城市文化的独有特色。     

咸阳市近代渭河洪水演变研究

根据咸阳渭河河漫滩沉积野外调查和40个样品的颗粒分析资料，研究了咸阳渭河距今约100年以来洪水深度、洪水变化阶段和气候变化．资料表明，咸阳渭河约100年来河漫滩厚度为2．1m左右，主要由粗粉砂和极细砂构成，包括15个明显的沉积层，粗细分层变化明显．这15个沉积层清楚地反映了15个明显的大洪水阶段，其中以第13、12阶段洪水规模最大，第11、6阶段洪水规模最小．与1000年前洪水相比，近100年来洪水规模在减小，指示降水在减少，气候在向干旱变化．     

老骥伏枥 功在千秋————-记王淦昌晚年的科学活动

文章简单介绍了王淦昌教授最后20年的科研活动，总结了他在核电建设和激光惯性约束核聚变两个方面的学术思想及其所作的贡献。从王淦昌晚年的科学活动中，我们能够感受到他终生不倦的创新精神和高尚的爱国情操。     

新桂系十年建设与现代桂林的草创

1934年3月,新桂系以“党政军联席会议”的名义颁布了《广西建设纲领》,决定在全省范围内开展大规模的经济建设.桂林成为当时建设的重点之一.从这一年到桂林沦陷约有10年的时间,桂林初步实现了工业化,构建了现代交通运输体系,现代化的城市服务设施也普遍设立,初步实现了桂林向现代化城市的转变.由于新桂系广西当局只是为了维护本阶级的统治,加上日本帝国主义的侵略,使得现代桂林的建设仅仅停留在草创阶段,并且后来也毁于日本帝国主义侵略的战火.