生物质棉纤维再生纤维素膜的制备与性能分析

以天然生物质棉纤维为原料,采用氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(Li Cl/DMAC)溶解体系对其进行活化处理,配置不同质量分数的纤维素有机溶液系列,在不同凝固浴条件下,采用KW-4A匀胶机高速旋涂成膜和AFA-Ⅱ自动涂膜器低速平推成膜2种工艺,制备再生纤维素薄膜系列。通过运用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和表面接触角测试仪等分析设备对再生纤维素膜的大分子结构、力学性能、结晶度、热稳定性和表面浸润性进行各项性能的系列化表征,研究纤维素质量分数、凝固浴种类、制膜工艺对膜性能的影响。实验结果表明:采用KW-4A匀胶机高速成膜工艺、凝固浴为水浴、纤维素质量分数为3.5%时,制备的再生纤维素膜的各项性能最佳;与天然生物质棉纤维相比,再生纤维素膜结晶度变化很大,热稳定性与棉纤维变化趋势一致但有一定程度下降,表面浸润性良好。     

钢纤维高强砼冲切板的强度计算

通过试验, 分析比较钢纤维高强砼简支板冲切强度的影响因素, 并提出强度计算公式     

生态型木纤维吸油材料的制备与研究

以杉木为原料,经蒸煮、纤维帚化疏解、热解处理制备出生态型木纤维吸油材料.研究了吸油材料的吸油性能及其与热处理温度、抽出物的关系等问题.结果表明,经过350℃热处理试样的吸油量最大、吸水量最小,吸油量与吸水量比值高达77.5,是原料用蒸煮纤维的10倍以上.蒸煮纤维在200~500℃热处理时,试样的热水抽出物与1%NaOH抽出物含量随热解温度升高而减少,苯醇抽出物含量则在200~250℃时减少,300℃时增大,400℃后急剧减少.研究表明,纤维表面的亲油性物质对吸油能力有重要影响.     

基于超级电容器的TiN@CNTF电极制备及性能研究

超级电容器因其独特的性能在便携式、可穿戴电子器件领域有着很大的应用潜力。目前对超级电容器的研究主要集中在对超级电容器电极材料的研究上。碳纳米管纤维具有电导率高、力学性能好、柔韧性高等优点,是超级电容器的理想电极材料。但是,碳纳米管纤维电容量的提升被其较小的比表面积所限制。通过在碳纳米管纤维表面生长三维阵列能够有效提高碳管纤维的比表面积,从而增大电容量。因此,采用水热法,在碳纳米管纤维表面成功生长TiO2纳米阵列,并通过氨气氮化获得了TiN@CNTF电极材料。采用三电极测试TiN@CNTF电极在Na2SO4溶液中的比电容达到215.5mF/cm2,有望作为一种柔性超级电容器的负极材料得到应用。     

基于光纤传输技术的高压纳秒脉冲测量系统的研究

测量高压纳秒脉冲时,采用同轴电缆传输受电磁干扰严重,测量精度不高,光纤传输可有效克服此缺陷。叙述了光电转换、光纤传输测量系统的原理,给出了光发射模块及接收模块的电路结构,并用电路仿真软件Multisim进行了仿真。对所设计的光纤传输测量系统与同轴电缆传输测量系统进行了对比试验,光纤传输测量系统具有抗干扰能力强、测量精度高、长距离传输不失真等优点。     

皮鞋内腔CT测量仪的扫描运动控制系统

采用工业CT技术解决了皮鞋CAD CAM中存在的皮鞋内腔测量难题 ,同时也完成了X -射线工业CT技术的研究 ,通过对国内外CT技术的研究 ,提出了一个合理的系统配置方案 ,此方案既能满足皮鞋内腔测量的要求 ,同时也能实现普通工业CT测量。提出了简单实用的运动控制系统方案 ,在没有用昂贵的直流伺服控制的前提下 ,达到了很高的运动位置控制。研制出一种简单稳定的检测方法 ,实现了探测器加密运动的精确位置控制。整个解决方案的是令人满意的 ,不仅能满足皮鞋内腔测量的 2 5 6×2 5 6图像分辨率 ,而且最高可以达到 10 2 4× 10 2 4分辨率。     

低掺量聚丙烯纤维在混凝土（砂浆）中的阻裂作用

通过对低掺量聚丙烯纤维的分析和阐述,得出了聚丙烯纤维在混凝土（砂浆）中的阻裂作用。     

加隔板开裂环的试验研究

研制了带有一隔板的开裂环试验装置,采用该装置对C30、C50的基准组、加聚丙烯纤维组、加膨胀剂和聚丙烯纤维组的混凝土进行抗裂性能试验研究,并测试其拉压比.试验结果表明:采用带隔板的开裂环试验装置可以避免以往混凝土抗裂性测试过程裂缝出现的随机性和偶然性,并缩短了测试时间.     

Rearrangements of microtubule cytoskeleton in stomatal closure of Arabidopsis induced by nitric oxide

NO (nitric oxide), known as a key signal molecule in plant, plays important roles in regulation of stomatal movement. In this study, microtubule dynamics and its possible mechanism in the NO signal pathway were investigated. The results were as follows: (i) In vivo stomatal aperture assays revealed that both vinblastine (microtubule-disrupting drug) and SNP (exogenous NO donor) prevented stomatal opening in the light, and vinblastine even could enhance the inhibitory effect of SNP, whereas taxol (a microtubule-stabilizing agent) was able to reduce this effect; (ii) microtubules in the opening Arabi- dopsis guard cells expressing GFP:α-tubulin-6 (AtGFP:α-tubulin-6) were organized in parallel, straight and dense bundles, radiating from the ventral side to the dorsal side, and most of them were localized perpendicularly to the ventral wall; (iii) under the same environmental conditions, treated with SNP for 30 min, the radial arrays of microtubules in guard cells began to break down, twisted partially and be- came oblique or exhibited a random pattern; (iv) furthermore, the involvement of cytosolic Ca2 in this event was tested. Stomatal aperture assays revealed that BAPTA-AM (a chelator of Ca2 ) greatly sup- pressed the effect of NO on stomatal closure; however, it did not show the same function on stomatal closure induced by vinblastine. When BAPTA-AM was added to the SNP-pretreated solution, the SNP-induced disordered microtubulue cytoskeleton in guard cells underwent rearrangement in a time-dependent manner. After 30 min of treatment with BAPTA-AM, the cortical microtubules resumed the original radial distribution, almost the same as the control. All this indicates that NO may promote rearrangement of microtubule cytoskeleton via elevation of [Ca2 ]cyt (free Ca2 concentration in the cy- toplasm), finally leading to stomatal closure.     

Rearrangements of microtubule cytoskeleton in stomatal closure of <Emphasis Type=Italic>Arabidopsis</Emphasis> induced by nitric oxide

NO （nitric oxide）, known as a key signal molecule in plant, plays important roles in regulation of stomatal movement. In this study, microtubule dynamics and its possible mechanism in the NO signal pathway were investigated. The results were as follows： （i） In vivo stomatsl aperture assays revealed that both vinblastine （microtubule-disrupUng drug） and SNP （exogenous NO donor） prevented stomatsl opening in the light, and vinblastine even could enhance the inhibitory effect of SNP, whereas tsxol （a microtubule-stsbilizing agent） was able to reduce this effect; （ii） microtubules in the opening Arabi-dopsis guard cells expressing GFP：a-tubulin-6 （AtGFP：a-tubulin-6） were organized in parallel, straight and dense bundles, radiating from the ventral side to the dorsal side, and most of them were localized perpendicularly to the ventral wall; （iii） under the same environmental conditions, treated with SNP for 30 min, the radial arrays of microtubules in guard cells began to break down, twisted partially and be- came oblique or exhibited a random pattern; （iv） furthermore, the involvement of cytosolic Ca^2＋ in this event was tested. Stomatal aperture assays revealed that BAPTA-AM （a chelator of Ca^2＋） greatly suppressed the effect of NO on stomatal closure; however, it did not show the same function on stomatal closure induced by vinblastine. When BAPTA-AM was added to the SNP-pretreated solution, the SNP-induced disordered microtubulue cytoskeleton in guard cells underwent rearrangement in a time-dependent manner. After 30 min of treatment with BAPTA-AM, the cortical microtubules resumed the original radial distribution, almost the same as the control. All this indicates that NO may promote rearrangement of microtubule cytoskeleton via elevation of [Ca^2＋]cyt （free Ca^2＋ concentration in the cytoplasm）, finally leading to stomatsl closure.