飞机结构强度试验中碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料无损检测技术

新型飞机大量使用碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)作为结构用材,为确定CFRP结构强度试验后的最终损伤状态,必须制定相应的无损检测方案与损伤评定方法。针对强度试验后CFRP工件表面粘接物对检测效率的影响、变厚度弧形CFRP结构原位检测损伤识别以及CFRP结构冲击损伤定量基准波选取等关键技术,结合强度试验中无损检测的特点,采用现场检测典型信号分析的方法,提出了CFRP结构强度试验中的无损检测方案和损伤评定方法,最后通过实验验证了检测方案和评定方法的有效性。     

Monte-Carlo仿真酒精特征波长光子在皮肤中的传输规律及光纤探头设计

用蒙特卡罗(Monte-Carlo)方法研究酒精特征波长的光子在皮肤组织中的传输规律,从而确定酒精光谱的最佳检测距离,为应用近红外光谱进行人体酒精无创检测提供理论依据。通过建立皮肤4层结构模型,确定了在酒精特征波长(1694nm、1735nm、2266nm、2308nm)下该模型的光学参数。利用Monte-Carlo方法对该模型仿真可得到结论:1694nm、1735nm波长光子的最佳检测半径为650μm,2266nm、2308nm波长光子的最佳检测半径为450μm;半径在200～1000μm之间时,出射点的光子密度随检测半径的增加呈幂函数形式递减,检测到的光子数随检测宽度的增加大致呈线性递增。利用上述结果,设计了用于人体酒精无创检测的光纤探头,选用TE制冷型的InGaAs检测器作为光子检测器。     

亚麻优化脱胶工艺对纤维性能的影响

在正交试验设计方法的基础上,采用一种新型的脱胶工艺对亚麻纤维进行脱胶,利用方差分析法对结果进行分析,通过SEM观察雨露沤麻和化学脱胶后亚麻纤维的纵向结构和形态．实验结果表明,NaOH用量对亚麻脱胶后分离度和束纤维强度影响最大,温度对亚麻柬纤维强度影响显著;亚麻脱胶的最优工艺参数为：氢氧化钠10g／L,时间90min,温度100℃;化学脱胶的亚麻胶质去除更彻底,在保证强度的前提下,分离度更大,有利于提高成纱质量．     

Biomimetic preparation and multi-sc ale microstructures of nano-sil ica/polyurethane elastomeric fibers

Bioinspired by the spinning of spider silks,the biomimetic preparation of nano-silica/polyurethane（nano-SiO/TPU） elastomeric fibers with distinctive multi-scale microstructures was successfully implemented.The formation mechanism of the nano-SiO₂/TPU fibers was considered as the integrated mechanism of diffusion,coagulation,self-assembly,and microphase separation,same as that of the native spider silks.The mass ratio of nano-SiO₂ to TPU greatly influenced the external and inner microstructures of the nano-SiO₂ATPU fibers.The formation process of the nano-SiO₂/TPU fibers was simply described as three main stages,and the second stage,such as the adding of the ethanol solvents and nano-SiO₂ in different diameters,was thought to be very crucial for the final external and inner microstructures of the prepared fibers.For example,the adding of the ethanol and the nano-SiO₂ spheres in diameter of 10 nm resulted in the existence of many TPU-self-assembled microspheres mostly spaced apart by the nano-SiO₂ aggregates in the nano-SiOVTPU fibers,while the adding of the ethanol and the nano-SiO₂ spheres in diameter of 100 nm resulted in the existence of the nano-SiO₂ spheres,instead of the TPU-self-assembled microspheres,distributed in the nano-SiO₂/TPU fibers.     

《光纤通信》实验教学的优化探讨

为了培养学生的实践和动手能力,达到和理论课相辅相成的效果,根据实际教学经验及现有光纤通信实验基础,文章强调学生实验素质的培养,从做好基础实验、坚持系统实验、增设综合性、创新性实验和仿真实验等方面对优化光纤通信实验课程的教学方法、实验内容、考核方式等问题进行了探讨,为该实验教学的改革提供了有益的借鉴。     

IUKF neural network modeling for FOG temperature drift

A novel neural network based on iterated unscented Kalman filter （IUKF） algorithm is established to model and com- pensate for the fiber optic gyro （FOG） bias drift caused by temperature. In the network, FOG temperature and its gradient are set as input and the FOG bias drift is set as the expected output. A 2-5-1 network trained with IUKF algorithm is established. The IUKF algorithm is developed on the basis of the unscented Kalman filter （UKF）. The weight and bias vectors of the hidden layer are set as the state of the UKF and its process and measurement equations are deduced according to the network architecture. To solve the unavoidable estimation deviation of the mean and covariance of the states in the UKF algorithm, iterative computation is introduced into the UKF after the measurement update. While the measure- ment noise R is extended into the state vectors before iteration in order to meet the statistic orthogonality of estimate and mea- surement noise. The IUKF algorithm can provide the optimized estimation for the neural network because of its state expansion and iteration. Temperature rise （-20-20℃） and drop （70-20℃） tests for FOG are carried out in an attemperator. The temperature drift model is built with neural network, and it is trained respectively with BP, UKF and IUKF algorithms. The results prove that the proposed model has higher precision compared with the back- propagation （BP） and UKF network models.     

矿物掺合料在水泥砂浆中的填充机理及试验研究

主要讨论了矿物掺合料在水泥砂浆中的填充机理,并且以粉煤灰、矿渣粉及硅灰单一组分、复合组分考察其对水泥胶砂强度及微观结构的影响.研究表明,不同细度的矿物掺合料掺入到水泥浆体中后,可以优化粉体的次级颗粒级配,提高密实度.从而表现出水泥砂浆的强度得到提高,微观结构趋于密实.     

热处理工艺对30MnSi合金钢的影响(英文)

研究了热处理工艺参数对30MnSi合金钢微观组织结构的影响。结果表明,30MnSi合金钢的成分和微观组织结构受到热处理工艺参数(快淬温度和时间)的影响。在780℃至860℃的温度范围内,随着快淬温度的升高,合金中的铁素体含量逐渐减少,且铁素体在合金基体中的分布也有明显变化;此外,铁素体的含量也受快淬时间的影响,当快淬时间为15s,快淬温度达到860℃时,合金钢中铁素体的含量由9.6%降低至2.1%。     

旋转电磁搅拌时机对GCr15轴承钢凝固组织的影响

通过石墨型铸造研究了旋转电磁搅拌时机对GCr15轴承钢凝固组织的影响.结果表明:在钢液凝固过程的不同时间段施加电磁搅拌,对轴承钢的凝固组织具有显著影响,越早施加电磁搅拌,磁泰勒数(表征磁场作用下强制流动的无量纲数)越大,钢液所受的电磁力越大,越有利于柱状晶向等轴晶转变;在0~05min时间段施加电磁搅拌,铸锭等轴晶率提高了52%.此外,电磁搅拌引起的钢液对流推动了凝固前沿枝晶的折断、熔断和游离,枝晶碎片在强烈对流作用下增殖并被带到熔体心部成为异质核心,凝固前沿的温度梯度减小,成分过冷增大,促进了柱状晶向等轴晶转变.     

沉积参数对Ni-Co镀层成分及微观结构影响研究

通过硫酸盐体系脉冲电沉积制备Ni-Co合金镀层,用附有能谱(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对沉积过程中CoSO4添加浓度、阴极电流密度及脉冲频率的变化对Ni-Co合金镀层成分及微观结构的影响进行了实验研究,并且测量了不同钴含量镀层的硬度值,分析了镀层硬度变化的微观机理.结果表明,CoSO4添加浓度的增加及脉冲频率的增加,会使镀层中钴含量增加;而阴极电流密度的增大,会使镀层中钴含量降低.增大镀液中CoSO4添加浓度、降低阴极电流密度和提高脉冲频率有利于提高镀层的平整度和致密性,但过高的脉冲频率会使镀层表面由最初的球状晶簇群变为分支针状晶簇群;随着镀液中CoSO4添加浓度的增加,镀层微观结构由面心立方(fcc)结构转变为面心立方和密排六方(fcc+hcp)的混合结构;镀层硬度随着镀层钴含量的增加,先增大后减小.