羟基氧化镍电极制作工艺的研究

 首先通过单因素实验研究了CMC及石墨粉的质量分数、冷压机压强各自对NiOOH电极性能的影响.然后根据单因素实验设计出正交实验,并用极差法分析了各工艺因素对NiOOH电极性能影响的显著性.其中研究CMC的质量分数对电极性能的影响归根结底是研究CMC的量对电极性能的影响.通过观察以及用极差法进行综合分析均表明:制作性能优良的NiOOH电极的最佳工艺条件为石墨粉的质量分数为25%、冷压机压强为16 MPa、CMC的质量分数为0.8%.各工艺因素对NiOOH电极性能影响的显著性顺序为冷压机压强>CMC的质量分数>石墨粉的质量分数.     

不对称草酰胺镍配合物修饰电极的制备及其对甲醛的电催化研究

研究了不对称配体氮苯甲酸氮乙二胺草酰胺镍配合物修饰电极的制备 ,用循环伏安法探讨了该修饰膜的电化学性质及其对甲醛的电催化氧化。在 0 .1mol·L-1NaOH溶液中 ,膜的循环伏安图在 0 .4V和 0 .3V处有一对准可逆的氧化还原峰 ,对应着Ni(Ⅱ ) /Ni(Ⅲ )的氧化还原反应过程 ,属一电子过程 ,实验结果还表明电荷在膜中的传递为扩散控制。实验测定了在 0 .1mol·L-1NaOH中 3种不同厚度修饰膜电极、扫速在 10～ 40 0mV/s范围内氧化还原峰的特征。当配合物表面含量是 9.4× 10 -10 mol·cm-2 时 ,膜中电荷的扩散系数Dct是 1.1× 10 -12 cm2 ·s-1。该修饰膜对甲醛有良好的电催化作用且稳定性高 ,连续催化 2h以上峰电流才开始下降。常温下将修饰电极置于空气中放置 10d其催化性能也不发生变化     

在化学修饰[NiFe(CN)_6]~(2-/1~-)电极上D_+-葡萄糖氧化过程的研究

测定了化学修饰[NiFe(CN)_6]~(2-/1-)电极在NaBr或KBr(以NaNO_3或KNO_3为支持电解质)溶液中的循环伏安图,发现该电极对Br~-的电化学氧化有明显的电催化作用,并对其催化机理进行了讨论。研究结果表明,在D+—葡萄糖电化学氧化制备D_+—葡萄糖酸盐方面,[NiFe(CN)_6]~(2-/1-)电极是一种优越的电极材料,在反应过程中NaBr起催化剂的作用。     

Cu~(2+),Ni~(2+),Zn~(2+)与异羟肟酸螯合物配位方式的研究

用离子浮选法以C_(5-9)异羟肟酸为捕收剂,在一定条件下分别得到Cu~(2+),Ni~(2+),zn~(2+)与C_(5-9)异羟肟酸形成的螯合物沉淀浮渣。用红外光谱法对其浮渣结构进行分析,结果表明:Cu~(2+),Ni~(2+),Zn~(2+)与异羟肟酸的配位方式基本相同,即:     

Fe（dipy）2（CN）2的溶剂色性研究

研究了Ｆｅ（ｄｉｐｙ）２（ＣＮ）２配合物的溶剂色性，从成键情况分析了产生溶剂色性的原因，溶剂的极性参数ＡＮ可用来阐明该本系的溶质－溶剂相互作用而导致ＣＴ吸收带位移的现象。     

氰桥配合物[Ni(Ⅱ)Ln]_2[Fe(Ⅱ)(CN)_6]的光谱研究

亚铁氰化钾水溶液和[NiLn]~(2+)(L=H_2dmg和tetren分别表示丁二酮肟和四乙烯五胺)溶液反应得到比较稳定的红棕色晶体。经元素分析、UV-Vis光谱和红外光谱的测试,证明它们是氰桥配合物[Ni(Ⅱ)Ln-NC-Fe(Ⅱ)(CN)_4-CN-Ni(Ⅱ)Ln]。     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> at a carbon paste electrode modified with a nickel (II)-5, 11, 17, 23-tetra-tert-butyl-25, 27-bis(Diethylcarbamoylmethoxy) calix[4] arene complex and its application

Electrochemical behavior of a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with nickel(II)-5, 11, 17, 23-tetra-tert-butyl-25, 27-bis(diethylcarbamoylmethoxy) calix[4]arene (Ni (II)-L) complex and its electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide were investigated by cyclic voltammetric technique in a 5.0×10⁻² mol/L NaClO₄+1.0×10⁻³ mol/L NaOH solution. It was found that Ni(II)-L acts as an effective catalyst for the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide. The modified electrode exhibited a linear response over a hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the range of 2.0×10⁻⁵−1.0×10⁻⁴ mol/L with a detection limit as low as 1.0×10⁻⁶ mol/L. The relative standard deviation was 3.5% for 5 successive determinations of H₂O₂ at 1.0×10⁻⁵ mol/L. The modified electrode was used successfully in rainwater analysis. Foundation item: Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (98J040). Biography: Li Chun ya(1972-), Ph. D. candidate, research direction: electroanalysis and electrosynthesis.     

肼还原法制备镍纳米粒子及其机理

在乙二醇中用肼作还原剂还原Ni2 制备镍纳米粒子。用X射线衍射仪测定出产物的相结构,用扫描电子显微镜观察产物的微观结构。根据反应现象和产物的相结构,研究温度、pH值调节剂种类和pH值对镍纳米粒子形成的影响,并推断其形成机理。研究结果表明,用肼作还原剂还原Ni2 制备纳米Ni的最佳反应温度为60℃,用NaOH作pH值调节剂调pH值到10～11得到的镍纳米粒子为体心立方结构,平均粒径为25nm。在Ni纳米粒子的形成过程中,NaOH不仅起到调节pH值的作用,还起催化作用。     

镍镀层材料表面硬脂酸配合物膜的电化学和光电子能谱研究

通过加速化学和电化学腐蚀实验(LSV)比较了长链脂肪酸和杂环化合物等一系列有机缓蚀剂在镍镀层材料表面形成的配合物膜的耐蚀性,结果表明,硬脂酸在镍镀层材料表面形成的膜耐蚀效果最佳.用光电子能谱(XPS和AES)研究了配合物膜层的结构和性能,以及在金属表面的成键特征和波谱变化,探讨了配合物膜的组成、化学状态和缓蚀机理.硬脂酸分子中COO-中的氧原子与镍镀层表面发生界面反应形成硬脂酸配合物膜,膜由镍的氧化物和镍的硬脂酸配合物组成,其中Ni和O分别呈 2、 3和-2价,配合物膜的结构可表示为Ni-硬脂酸/NimOn/Ni,各元素的相对原子百分浓度(A.C.%)分别为Ni65.6%、C23.5%、O10.7%,该膜层厚度约为12.5nm.     

Nickel accumulation and its effects on the survival rate of Spodoptera litura Fabricius under continuous nickel stress

The artificial diets mixed with various concentrations of nickel were offered to the larvae of the phytophagous insect Spodoptera litura Fabricius for 3 generations. Nickel accumulations in the 6th instar larvae, pupae and newly emerged adults of the corresponding generations of S. litura were investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), and the effects of nickel accumulations on the survival rate of S. litura were also evaluated by individual rearing. The results showed that nickel accumulated in the 6th instar larvae, pupae and adults of S. litura, and the accu- mulated nickel in all the tested developmental stages within a generation increased with the increase of the nickel doses in the treated diets and showed significant dose-dependent relationship with the nickel doses in the artificial diets. The results also indicated that the nickel accumulations in the 6th instar larvae, pupae, and newly emerged adults from the 3rd generation were higher than those from the 2nd generation, which were also higher than those from the 1st generation. Nickel concentrations in pupae and adults were significantly lower than those in larvae, which indicated that the excessive nickel might be excreted during metamorphosis. Furthermore, larval survival rate, pupation rate and eclosion rate of S. litura in the tested three generations all decreased with the increase of the nickel doses in the treated diets.