一类工业炉温度系统的模糊控制

针对工业炉温度系统存在的混沌现象,借助模糊控制技术,克服了用传统PID难于控制的炉温混沌现象;系统的仿真与实际运行效果表明:模糊控制是克服混沌现象的一种有效方法。     

电弧喷涂铝涂层的抗高温空气氧化性能

采用电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备铝涂层。用Q235钢、铝涂层和封孔铝涂层3种试样进行400℃和500℃涂层氧化和失效试验，并绘制了氧化动力学曲线。结果表明，在500℃以下，在Q235钢基体上电弧喷涂铝涂层和封孔铝涂层可以提高试样的抗氧化能力，但只是在短期内有效。在相同的温度下，封孔铝涂层试样氧化速度最低，铝涂层试样和Q235钢试样的氧化速度大约分别是它的2倍和3倍。氧化过程中，氧化气体渗透到涂层内部，Al2O3膜不断生成、破碎和剥落，并在涂层颗粒机械结合部位堆积，产生的张应力造成涂层的内聚强度降低，塑性和密封性能变差，防腐作用减弱，这是涂层氧化和失效的主要原因。     

无熔深堆焊铜熔池图像视觉检测方法研究

在分析了视觉法检测熔池的取像机理和钨极氩弧焊（TIG焊）电弧光谱的基础上,提出了近红外波段取像铜熔池的思路,并设计出基于不同取像机理的多种复合窄带滤光系统.采用普通电荷耦合（CCD）传感器从正面拍摄了铜熔池,并对不同观察窗口下的取像结果进行比较分析,找到了相对较佳、可获得较清晰的铜熔池图像的取像窗口.最后分析了TIG焊铜熔池图像的特征,并与TIG焊钢熔池图像比较后发现：在近红外波段,铜熔池比钢熔池难于获得清晰的图像.     

计算同杆双回输电线路潜供电流与恢复电压的二次模方法

提出了利用二次模变换计算同杆双回输电线路潜供电流与恢复电压稳态值的方法.该方法首先利用变换矩阵T进行相模变换,将相量转化为模量,在此基础上再利用变换矩阵H进行第二次模变换,将一次模量转化为二次模量,然后在二次模域中建立计算潜供电流与恢复电压的数学模型.该模型与一次模方程相比,方程和未知数的个数减少了一半, 使得计算量减少,且易于编程实现.对某实际线路进行了计算,其结果与EMTP计算结果一致,表明此方法为进行潜供电流和恢复电压稳态计算提供了另一种途径和选择.     

The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

塔里木-中朝板块北缘的志留纪岛弧公婆泉群火山岩地质地球化学及构造意义

公婆泉群位于北山中部，可分为：北、南两带。南带为弧后盆地玄武岩-安山岩组合，北带为岛弧火山岩组合，西段窑洞努如为火山角砾岩和熔火山角砾岩组合，中段公婆泉一带为玄武岩-安山岩-流纹岩-粗面岩组合，东段东七一山地区为玄武岩-安山岩-流纹岩组合。岩石组合，地球化学综合分析认为，公婆泉群是中-晚志留世哈萨克斯坦板块俯冲与塔里木-中朝板块的产物。岛弧西段窑洞努如位于近大陆或者在水下陆壳。公婆泉位于近海沟陆壳，而东七一山则远离海沟，是在洋壳的基础上发育的。说明塔里木-中朝板块是一个统一的板块，同时在早古生代存在哈萨克斯坦板块向塔里木-中朝板块的俯冲。     

高压受限电弧等离子体发生器实验研究

电热化学发射中，等离子体发生器的放电是电能转化为热能的重要阶段。该文在自由喷射等离子体发生器实验装置上分别对不同毛细管几何参数、不同贮能水平以及不同毛细管材料等3种情况进行了放电实验研究及分析，得出了负载效率、峰值电流、平均电阻等测量参数与贮能水平和毛细管几何参数之间的关系。     

生物质热解挥发特性的实验研究

为了研究闪速加热条件下的生物质热解挥发特性,在以等离子体为主加热源的层流炉实验台上进行了玉米秸粉的快速热解实验,通过改变反应温度(800～950K)和反应时间(0.108～0.224s),得到不同条件下生物质的挥发百分比。根据挥发百分比求出频率因子A和活化能E,建立了玉米秸粉的挥发特性方程。     

电弧喷涂铝及铝-锌涂层在动态腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性研究

对钢铁基体表面电弧喷涂铝及铝锌涂层进行了动态腐蚀实验 ,以失质量法计算了腐蚀速度 ,并探讨了腐蚀机理。采用SEM对铝及铝锌涂层腐蚀前后的外表形貌进行了观察 ,并对铝及铝锌涂层表面进行了能谱分析 ,采用电化学系统测试了涂层的自腐蚀电位。实验结果表明 ,在 3 %NaCl水溶液中铝涂层的耐蚀性优于铝锌涂层 ;其原因是铝涂层表面上氧化膜的自愈能力及自腐蚀电位高于铝锌涂层。研究还表明 ,铝及铝锌这些阳极涂层不仅能有效地保护它所覆盖的钢铁表面 ,还能保护暴露于腐蚀介质中的钢铁基体表面。在铝、铝锌涂层上刷涂有机涂料 ,有机涂料能渗透到金属涂层的孔隙中 ,将孔隙封闭。同时 ,有机涂层和金属涂层能构成复合涂层 ,其防腐效果更佳     

New geological evidence of crustal thickening in the Gangdese block prior to the Indo-Asian collision

Recent mapping in the Gangdese block has revealed many leucogranites that are similar to those in the High Himalaya. These leucogranites formed at ～140 Ma as indicated by monazite Th-Pb ion-microprobe dating and cooled at ～130 Ma as indicated by muscovite ^40Ar/^39Ar dating. In conjunction with previous structural and paleogeographic studies, the new data indicate that the Gangdese block underwent crustal thickening and associated exhumation during ～140—130 Ma. In this regard, the southern margin of Eurasia continent was comparable to the modern South American Altiplano-Puna plateau, the prime example of active ocean-continent subduction and associated thickened crust. Specifically, the early stages of crustal thickening and uplifting of the Gangdese block may result from subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. If the Tibetan Plateau would form by accretion of a series of blocks with thickened crust, an elevated topographic plateau similar to the Altiplano-Puna plateau had formed before collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. Then the Tibetan Plateau would have quickly thickened, uplifted, and begun to extend soon after onset of the collision. Thus, the deformational mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau is not distributed shortening, but rather concentrating deformation within regions of thin crust between the accreted blocks.