莼菜胚胎学的研究（Ⅱ）：莼菜大孢子的发生及雌配子体的发育

莼菜珠为下垂、倒生型，二层珠被，周缘心细胞一层，胚囊成熟时仍具发达的珠心，有承珠盘。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线状四分体，合点端大孢子为功能大孢子，雌配子体发育为蓼型，反足细胞早期消失。     

川滇蹄盖蕨配子体发育的研究

对我国产川滇蹄盖蕨(Athyrium mackinnonii)配子体发育进行了观察.结果表明:川滇蹄盖蕨的孢子为两面体型,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为豆形,周壁具皱状纹饰;孢子萌发为向心型;原叶体发育为铁线蕨型,成熟原叶体为对称的心脏形,雄配子体为带状.该研究试图为蹄盖蕨科植物的系统分类研究积累资料.     

Isolation and characterization of 4 gametophytic male sterile mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana

In flowering plants, male fertility depends on the formation and development of normal male gametophytes or pollen grains. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the processes. Here, we report the identification of four novel independent Arabidopsis gametophytic male sterile mutants, apam1, apam2, apam3 and apam4 (Arabidopsis pollen abortion mutant). The four mutants that were generated by the insertions of geneand enhancer-trap Ds transposon elements were defective in pollen development. Genetic analysis results showed that all four mutations resulted in the loss of male gametophytic function, but did not affect female gametophytic function, and the Ds elements were linked to the mutations tightly in all four mutants. Localization of the Ds insertion sites by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) showed that the Ds elements were inserted in four different loci distributed on three chromosomes, chromosomes II, III and V. In summary, the apam4 is allelic to AHA3, while the other three were located in places where there are no genes that have been known to be involved in pollen development, suggesting that they are novel mutations involved in pollen development.     

巨峰葡萄小孢子的发生和雄配子体发育的研究

本试验进行了巨峰葡萄小孢子的发生和雄配子体发育的观察研究。花序长4.0cm时为小孢子母细胞发生期,花序长5.0～5.8cm时为小孢子母细胞减数分裂集中期,花序长6.0cm时为花粉单核中央期,花序长8.5cm时为单核花粉靠边期,开花前1week左右观察到成熟花粉,巨峰葡萄成熟花粉为2细胞花粉。     

花粉发育的电镜研究进展

本文扼要介绍花粉发育的超微结构研究概况;内容包括①小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中胼胝质壁的积累,胞质融合和胞质重组的形态变化和生物学意义;②雄配子体发育中细胞器的分布、生殖细胞的分裂方式以及雄性生殖单位与精子异型性概念的提出;③花粉的外壁模式与内部结构及其壁蛋白的分布与功能;④花粉败育的形态表现和机理探讨。     

糜子的大小孢子发生和雌配子体发育

1、大小孢子母细胞的减数分裂均为正常型:小孢子四分体有左右对称形、直列式和T形;大孢子四分体为直线排列。2、大孢子母细胞和四分大孢子的壁都有胼胝质沉积,胼胝质从大孢子母细胞的珠孔端壁开始积累,而后包围母细胞;消失的顺序是由合点端壁开始,再到侧壁,孢子之间的横壁最后消失。3、大小孢子母细胞减数分裂同时开始,同步进入粗绒期之后,雌性比雄性发育缓慢,以致二种母细胞的减数分裂不同时结束;在可育花中雌雄配子体是同时成熟的。4、成熟胚囊中反足细胞不立即进行细胞增殖,仍为三细胞;卵细胞无明显极性;助细胞极性明显。5、抽穗后花序基部不能完成减数分裂(未分化出花药唇片)的小穗是不生育小穗。     

谷子的大孢子发生和雌配子体发育

1、谷子为假厚珠心.外珠被刚越过倒生胚珠的珠孔和合点区便停止伸长生长,在珠孔和合点区各产生一突起,前者盖过珠孔,后者可伸出于子房之外;仅内珠被包被珠心形成珠孔.2、胚囊为蓼型.大孢子发生过程中,胼胝质从大孢子母细胞的珠孔端壁开始积累,从合点端壁开始消失,与其它蓼型胚囊的植物不同.3、雌、雄配子体的发育不同步,但同时成熟.     

月月竹大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体发育研究

月月竹(Menstruocalamus sichuanensis)作为优良的园林绿化竹种,近几年在南京林业大学竹种园中出现开花现象。以月月竹为研究对象,运用石蜡切片技术对其大、小孢子的发生和雌、雄配子体的发育过程进行了研究。结果表明：月月竹花药具4个药室,花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层、绒毡层4层结构组成,花药壁发育为单子叶型,绒毡层为腺质型,小孢子母细胞减数分裂中的胞质分裂为连续型,产生左右对称型小孢子。成熟花粉大多二细胞型,具1个萌发孔。月月竹子房为2心皮1室,侧膜胎座,1个倒生胚珠,双珠被,薄珠心。大孢子母细胞由一个雌性孢原细胞直接发育而成,大孢子四分体呈线型,合点端一个大孢子分化为功能大孢子,由功能大孢子发育为蓼型成熟胚囊。