The behavior of the homozygous and heterozygous sub-types of rats which are genetically-selected for diabetes insipidus: A comparison with Long Evans and Wistar stocks

Several aspects of spontaneous and conditioned behavior (food and water intake, locomotion and emotionality, passive and active avoidance acquisition and retention) of standard (albino and pigmented) rats, and rats heterozygous (HEDI) and homozygous (HODI) for diabetes insipidus, are reviewed. As would be expected, HODI rats have been repeatedly found to consume far more fluid than either HEDI or control rats. Pigmented rats appear to be more active than albinos. HODI rats exhibit less marked emotional responses than do control rats, among which the pigmented ones exhibit the highest emotionality. Light aversion is more evident in albino than in pigmented rats. No differences are found among HEDI, HODI and normal Long Evans rats. It is quite difficult to provide a clear-cut statement concerning inter-strain differences in passive avoidance behavior, possibly because of the variety of techniques employed. In any case, HODI rats do not perform worse than normal controls do. In one-way active avoidance paradigms, pigmented rats perform better than albinos, and the performance of HODI rats does not differ from that of controls. In two-way avoidance paradigms, albinos appear to outperform pigmented rats. Once again, there are no obvious differences between HODI and control animals.In addition to indicating that HODI rats may actually be less emotional than the other groups of rats reviewed here, the studies described once again fail to confirm the previously alleged functions of vasopressin in memory consolidation.     

螺旋加料动态定量称重控制方法的研究

提出了一种新型螺旋加料动态定量称重控制方法 .该方法基于自校正预测控制算法 ,采用“先快后慢、最后点动”的动态控制方式 ,从而有效地解决了动态定量称重过程中精度和速度的矛盾 .理论和实验的研究表明 ,该方法对动态在线定量装料、定量包装和称重配料等方面具有广泛的应用潜力     

应激对机体各器官、系统的损害作用研究初探

应激是指受内外环境剧变的刺激，机体出现包括精神、神经、内分泌和免疫系统等的综合应答状态．其往往对机体产生不利的影响，长时期处于刺激较强的应激环境会引发疾病．应激所诱发的疾病问题越来越受到医学界的关注．本文将应激对机体各器官、系统的损害作用进行概要的总结论述．     

中药制剂对热应激下雏鸡T淋巴细胞转化率和免疫器官指数的影响

为了探讨中药制剂在热应激条件下对雏鸡T淋巴细胞转化率和免疫器官指数的影响,分析其对雏鸡免疫功能的调节作用,选择120只1周龄的海兰褐商品代蛋用雏鸡为研究对象,随机分为4个组,每组30只。其中,1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;2,3,4组饲喂添加了中药制剂的基础日粮,其中中药制剂的质量分数分别为0．005,0．010,0．015。于4周龄时采用MTT法测定其外周血T淋巴细胞转化率和法氏囊、脾脏和胸腺的器官指数。结果表明,2,3,4组鸡的T淋巴细胞转化率均明显高于对照组的（P〈0．01）,各实验组间没有明显差异,但有随添加量增加而升高的趋势。2,3,4组鸡的免疫器官指数均高于对照组的,其中,第3组鸡的脾脏器官指数显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。因此,日粮中添加一定剂量的“热消”对雏鸡的免疫功能有一定的增强作用,能增强雏鸡的抗热应激能力。     

野生欧李萌动期各组织器官中钙与不同形态钙的分配率变化

研究了野生欧李萌动期阶段结果基生枝各组织器官（木质部、韧皮部、花器官）中钙与不同形态钙的分配率变化及其相关关系,结果表明,欧李萌动期各组织器官钙吸收积累与钙存在形态密切相关,木质部中以果胶钙形态分配为主,韧皮部和花器官中以草酸钙形态分配为主;随发育进程木质部和花器官中钙分配略有增加,韧皮部中略有下降。木质部中活性钙组分（水溶钙和果胶钙）星下降趋势,非活性钙组分（磷酸钙和草酸钙）星增加趋势;韧皮部中各形态钙组分无明显改变;花器官中水溶钙、果胶钙和磷酸钙组分呈增加趋势,草酸钙组分呈下降趋势,花器官中钙分配与水溶钙形态分配呈极显著正相关。研究认为,欧李萌动期各组织器官中存在钙吸收与转移,生殖器官中钙吸收与活性钙组分（水溶钙和果胶钙）吸收利用有关。     

基于ANSYS的捆丝有限元分析

介绍了钢丝捆钢机的工作原理,利用ANSYS软件对捆丝在导槽中的受力、变形情况进行了分析。得到了捆丝在导槽中与轴承的支反力和变形,可以推出捆丝在导槽中的摩擦力,为进一步分析捆丝送丝力计算提供理论指导。     

Feeding ecology of the common sun skink,Eutropis multifasciata (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), in the plains of central Vietnam

We studied the feeding ecology of Eutropis multifasciata in the tropical plains of central Vietnam to understand better the foraging mode, spatiotemporal and sexual variation in dietary composition, and rarefaction curves of prey-taxon richness for males and females. Stomach contents (n = 161) were collected from October 2013 to May 2014 using a nonlethal stomach-flushing technique. A total of 680 food items (624 animal items and 56 plant items) was found in 161 stomachs of skinks, representing 19 unique animal categories. We found that the diet of E. multifasciata is composed mainly of small, sedentary and clumped prey and that this skink specialises on spiders, insect larvae, snails, grasshoppers and crickets (with a combined importance index of 60%). Dietary composition, prey size and total prey volume in E. multifasciata changed between dry and rainy seasons and among regions. The total volume of food items consumed by males was larger than that of females, and the diversity and evenness index of prey categories were larger in males than in females. However, using rarefaction curves revealed that females have the higher prey-taxon richness after points between 130 and 140 prey items for frequency, and between 160 and 170 prey items for number of items, and the differences were not statistically significant. The foraging behaviour of E. multifasciata best fits a ‘widely foraging’ model.     

环氧丙烯酸酯低聚物制备过程若干影响因素

在不同阻聚剂用量、投料比、投料方式等条件下合成环氧丙烯酸酯.对合成产物进行了红外光谱分析.制备了紫外光固化涂料,测定了固化膜的凝胶质量分数.结果表明,阻聚剂用量增加有利于提高酯化反应程度及固化膜凝胶质量分数,但当阻聚剂用量达到1.0%(质量分数)时酯化程度降低、固化膜凝胶质量分数降低.反应物中环氧树脂稍过量有利于提高酯化反应程度;当n(Er)∶n(AA)为1∶2.0时固化膜凝胶质量分数最高.将丙烯酸与催化剂、阻聚剂预先混合后再加入到环氧树脂中的投料方式有利于提高合成产物的酯化程度.     

逆行胰胆管注射牛磺胆酸钠诱导重症急性胰腺模型多器官损害观察

摘要 探索逆行胰胆管注射牛磺胆酸钠诱导大鼠重症急性胰腺炎模型及胰腺外多器官损害情况。采用12周龄SD大鼠35只,随机分为对照组和实验组,各3组,实验组逆行胰胆管注射牛磺胆酸钠诱导大鼠重症急性胰腺炎模型,对照组仅开腹后拨动十二指肠降部。观察造模后6小时、12小时胰腺和腺外器官病理和血清学指标变化、腹水及48小时内生存率。结果：SAP模型大鼠48小时内90%死亡,胰腺进行性水肿、坏死,大量腹水渗出,心、肺、肝、肾均有不同程度受损。SD大鼠逆行胰胆管注射牛磺胆酸钠诱导的动物模型,是研究重症急性胰腺炎胰腺坏事、水肿和多器官进损害的良好模型。     

Captivity affects behavioral physiology: Plasticity in signaling sexual identity

Summary Little is known about the link between captivity, physiology, and behavior in wild-caught vertebrates. Anecdotal evidence suggests that hormonal changes are responsible for behavioral changes in wild animals brought into captivity. Studying the effects of captivity on reproduction is hampered because wild animals often fail to exhibit sexual behavior under captive conditions. In weakly discharging electric fish, field studies have reported sex differences in electric organ discharges which are rarely seen in the laboratory. I now report the results of a series of laboratory investigations which show thatGnathonemus petersii exhibits seasonal, hormone-dependent, phasespecific sex differences in electric organ discharges. Captivity dramatically alters and may even reverse these sex differences as a result of rapid changes in endogenous plasma hormone levels. These findings have broad implications for research on animal physiology and behavior performed in laboratory settings.