Review on aggregation of acid extractants in solvent extraction of metal ions: remark on the general model

The aggregation behavior of various acid extractants in the solvent extraction systems of metal ions is re-examined and explained according to knowledge obtained in recent work. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Complexes formed by the extractants and metal ions can form reversed micelles in organic diluents, depending on the microstructures of the complexes. The dimers of the acid extractant cannot percolate to the metal-extractant aggregates, and the acid-salt complexes are always formed in the aggregates. The reversed micelles or the W/O microemulsions formed by different species cannot be associated with each other to form a unified aggregate. (2) In solvent extraction systems, hydration of the extractants and metal ions can be considered as the driving force of forming reversed micelles. (3) Information of the first approach to the insight of the bicontinuous microemulsion of NaDEHP shows that various components in the aqueous phase behave confined and very similar to the typical AOT/n-heptane W/O microemulsions. (4) In the extraction of lanthanide ions by the W/O microemulsion of sodium naphthenate, the saponification is a process of forming reversed micelle or W/O microemulsion, while the extraction step is a process of destroying reversed micelles or W/O microemulsion droplets.     

一种基于轮廓特征的图像拼接算法设计与实现

提出了一种新的基于轮廓特征的图像拼接算法。在特征提取阶段 ,对卷积图进行增强 ,并用区域增长方法进行辅助校正 ,能改善轮廓提取效果 ;在特征表示方面 ,用形状签名代替链码来描述轮廓 ,从而提高了计算速度 ,降低了由噪声干扰和镜头形变造成的影响。实验结果表明 ,该算法在速度上优于基于链码的配准算法 ,准确率高 ,并且可以适用于未经过几何形变校正的图像的配准与拼接。     

Emergent Property in Macromolecular Motion

In this paper, the model of inverse cascade fractal super-blocks along one direction (in the positive or negative) in the 3-dimensional space is developed to describe the self-similar motion in macromolecular system. Microscopically the cohesive and dispersed states of the motion blocks are co- existent states with vastly different probability of occurrence. Experimental results and theoretical analysis show that the microscopic cohesive state energy and dispersed state energy of each motion block are respectively equal to the macroscopic glassy state energy kTg and molten state energy kTm of the system. This singularity unveils topologically the non-integrability, mathematically the anholonomy, and macroscopically the emergent property. This singularity also reveals that the glass, viscoelastic and melt states are three distinct emergent properties of macromolecular motion from a macroscopic viewpoint. The fractal concept of excluded volume is introduced to depict the random motion at various scales in     

一种支持向量回归中超参数自适应方法

在贝叶斯框架下支持向量回归SVR可视为最大化后验MAP回归函数估计的扩展.贝叶斯方法可用来实现模型中超参数的自适应,同时保持SVR稀疏性和凸二次规划的优点.在对SVR的MAP解做Laplace近似获得关于超参数的SVR模型中证据的平滑表达式,使用基于梯度的优化法可导出使证据最大化的最优超参数.通过引入ARD参数到高斯协方差函数中,可进行输入属性的相关性分析和特征选择.给出了在人工和实际回归问题上的应用及其他方法的对比分析.     

文本分类中的特征选取算法

分析了常用的几种特征选取方法，提出了改进互信息算法。实验结果显示改进的互信息算法是可行的。     

桥梁健康监测中的损伤特征提取与异常诊断

针对桥梁健康监测的应用 ,提出了一种基于统计模式识别技术的结构异常诊断方法 .由正常结构实时监测动态响应形成状态判断的数据基 ,通过序列相似分析将未知状态结构的响应信号与正常结构数据基进行环境/运营条件归一化 ;然后根据动态参数模型残差分析提取结构损伤特征 ,进而通过统计分析进行结构异常诊断和损伤定位 .与基于模态频率变化的方法相比 ,该方法具有更高的损伤识别能力 ,并能较好地克服实测数据离散性和环境与运营条件影响带来的困难 .通过三跨连续梁的数值试验验证了该方法的有效性     

均匀设计法优化巴旦杏仁油的超声提取工艺

用均匀设计法考察了超声频率、超声时间和溶剂的用量对巴旦杏仁油提取率的影响，得到巴旦杏仁油超声提取的优化工艺条件。与常规的提取法相比，超声提取具有提取时间短、收率高、无需加热的特点。     

基于核方法的复杂设备运行状态监测技术

分析了复杂机械设备运行状态监测中遇到的困难，介绍了基于核的特征提取方法和基于支持向量机的模式识别理论，指出：将核方法应用到状态监测中有望解决其中的非线性、不精确性和不确定性问题，为该领域的研究提供了全新且可行的研究途径。     

酸性醇溶液提取魔芋中的总生物碱研究

研究了用酸性醇溶液回流法提取魔芋中总生物碱的方法和条件．结果表明，提取魔芋中总生物碱较佳的工艺条件是：在pH值为2～3的酸性醇溶液中，回流提取3h，总生物碱的含量可达0.39％.     

面向装配的三维标准件库研制

在分析产品装配特征和国内外标准件建库技术的基础上，根据并行工程中装配建模的需要，提出了面向装配的三维标准件库的一般原则，给出标准件库的基本框架和关键技术解决方案，并且结合实例加以说明．