伊朗臂茧蜂亚科、茧蜂亚科、甲腹茧蜂亚科和小腹茧蜂亚科的新记录 （膜翅目：茧蜂科）(英文)

记述了伊朗茧蜂科Braconidae 4个亚科,臂茧蜂亚科Brachistinae（2属4种）、茧蜂亚科Braconinae（7属9种）、甲腹茧蜂亚科Cheloninae（3属6种）和小腹茧蜂亚科Microgastrinae (3属6种)的25种分布新记录。     

苔藓土壤动物种群动态的初步研究

本文是１９９２～１９９３年对上海市区苔藓土壤动物调查和研究的结果。重点对苔藓土壤动物优势种属及常见类群的季节动态进行了描述,并初步分析了各种生态因子对苔鲜土壤动物种群季节动态影响。结果表明,土壤温度、湿度和苔藓植物的生长状况对土壤动物种群季节动态有明显影响,优势种跗线螨和常见种覆盖头甲螨,作为苔藓土壤动物的代表种,对高温、干旱、低温等不利环境因素,表现出极强的忍耐力和快速繁殖能力。     

宁夏贺兰山蛾类区系调查及多样性分析

通过调查,共获得贺兰山自然保护区蛾类标本7 000余号.已鉴定的种类为15科144属186种,夜蛾科的种数最多,其次是螟蛾科、尺蛾科和卷蛾科.区系分析结果表明,贺兰山自然保护区蛾类以古北种为主,表明其具有很强的古北区特征,广布种次之,东洋种最少.根据中国地理区划,贺兰山蛾类除了自身的蒙新区特点外,与东北区、华北区联系最为密切.4个生境的多样性指数H′由大到小依次为山麓荒漠化草原、山前草原化荒漠、针叶林层、山地草原;均匀度指数J′由大到小依次为山麓荒漠化草原、山地草原、山前草原化荒漠、针叶林层;优势集中性指数C由大到小依次为山地草原、山麓荒漠化草原、针叶林层、山前草原化荒漠.     

龙头鱼Harpodon nehereus营养成分的分析

本文系统分析了龙头鱼营养成分（包括水分、脂肪、蛋白质及其氨基酸组成、钙、磷、铁及灰分等）。比较了龙头鱼的营养价值，在此基础上提出了龙头鱼综合利用的方向。     

土壤动物对森林凋落物分解的影响

凋落物分解是森林生态系统中物质和能量交换的重要生态学过程。土壤动物在森林凋落物的分解过程中起着非常重要的作用。可以通过物理的或化学的方法研究土壤动物对凋落物分解的影响。笔者综合了目前该领域研究中常用的方法,如分解网袋法、化学试剂排除法、电击法、数学模型法等,分析了各种方法的特点和局限性,指出了今后研究的方向。     

邛海鱼类区系的形成及其演变

本文作者根据50-60年代的调查,分析和探讨了邛海的自然鱼类区系形成同演变的规律.并对其形成提出了应从四个方面去认识:(1)雅砻江原来向南的流向;(2)长江上游的袭夺;(3)喜马拉雅山的造山运动.(4)高原地势和平原气候的渗合.对其演变分析了四种趋向:(1)流水性种类消失,(2)鱼类食性中植物性比重加大;(3)肉食性鱼类比重加大;(4)出现了种一级的分化.提出邛海与程海在鱼类区系上可列为同一类型,可与除程海以外的其它云南高原湖泊所属的另一类型相对比.并对Worthington(1940)提出的关于种的分化论点作了补充.     

Bird community characteristics as indicators of sustainable management in olive grove ecosystems of Central Greece

The role of breeding birds as indicators of sustainable management in olive groves was investigated. The data revealed significantly higher alpha diversity in organic and abandoned olive groves and maquis than in conventional ones. The highest beta diversity was found between the following pairs: organic olive groves–maquis, and abandoned olive groves–maquis. Breeding bird diversity, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera densities positively influenced bird species richness in organic olive groves and maquis, and additionally, manure application positively influenced bird species richness in organic ones. Bird species richness was negatively influenced by pesticide and inorganic fertilizer application in conventional ones. Moreover, isopod density was unimportant in explaining breeding bird richness in organic olive groves. Finally, our study suggests a difference in bird communities of various olive groves as a result of different management and practices, and concludes that birds might serve as indicators of overall olive grove health. Furthermore, these findings could be used as a tool for prediction of breeding bird species richness probability in different olive grove management systems and maquis. Finally, the results of the present study may contribute to highlighting some aspects of the effect of different farming practices on the dynamics of Mediterranean bird communities.     

Cubitermes subarquatus termitaries as shelters for soil fauna in African rainforests

Most soil fauna in tropical rainforests require a pre-existing shelter for at least part of their life cycles. Among termites and ants, the most frequently encountered taxa, the availability of appropriate nesting sites is a major factor controlling the multiplication of colonies. Work carried out in five forests in southern Cameroon indicates that termitaries of Cubitermes subarquatus, whether active or abandoned, provide shelter for large numbers of invasive invertebrates, particularly ants and other termite species, and may be a determining factor in the patchy distribution of many taxa. Dissections of 90 termitaries (65 active, 25 abandoned) produced a great diversity of invasive fauna, including 354 ant colonies representing 75 species in 31 genera. Ants occurred in all abandoned termitaries but 6·1% of active termitaries had no ants present. Nevertheless, in total active termitaries sheltered more ant colonies (273) than did abandoned ones (81). Every termitary examined also sheltered founding pairs or incipient colonies of alien termites, but active C. subarquatus termitaries yielded fewer mature colonies of alien termites (56·9%) than did abandoned ones (84%).     

Psocoptera (Insecta) from Bermuda

Seventeen species of Psocoptera are recorded from Bermuda, increasing the known number from three. Four new species are described: Echmepteryx atlantica n. sp., Caecilius bermudensis n. sp., Indiopsocus hilburni n. sp., and I. nebulosus n. sp. The latter two species appear to be closely related and two alternative hypotheses are proposed for their origin. Ectopsocus spilotus Thornton and Wong is recorded outside the central Pacific area for the first time. The species are assigned to four categories according to probable duration of time on Bermuda and probable source of original invaders: (1) endemics (four species); (2) species with wide distributions in the tropics and subtropics, not restricted to islands and sea coasts (four species); (3) species largely restricted to sea coasts and islands, not necessarily tropical (three species); (4) species widely distributed in southeastern United States, not restricted to the sea coast or the subtropical region (five species).