Fast and accurate measurement of diffusion coefficient by Taylor’s dispersion analysis

This investigation aimed at improving the performance of Taylor's dispersion analysis for the fast and accurate measurement of diffusion coefficient of a minute solute in various solvents. The investigation was carried out on a capillary electrophoresis instrument by monitoring the UV absorption peak of a solute pulse and calculating the diffusion coefficient by peak efficiency. With L-phenylalanine as a main testing solute, some key factors were afterward disclosed including especially the capillary size, carrier flow velocity, injection volume and capillary conditioning. Peak tailing, large volume of sample injection and slow migration were found to underestimate the diffusion coefficient while very fast migration and high sample concentration caused overestimation. At a moderate flow velocity of 0.1―1 cm/s with a capillary of 72.44 μm I.D.×60 cm (50 cm effective) maintained at 25℃, the diffusion coefficient of aqueous L-phenylalanine was determined, giving a value of 7.02×10-6 cm2/s with error＜2% and relative standard deviation＜0.2% (n=3). The method was shown to be applicable to the measurement of various samples such as aqueous phenylalanine, acetone, phenol, toluene and benzene, and nonaqueous benzene (in ethanol or 1-butanol).     

基于FDCT的图像消噪算法

由于曲波(Curvelet)变换可以很好的逼近含线奇异的高维函数,近年来日益受到研究人员的普遍关注.传统的数字曲波变换是非正交的、冗余度较高,而本文采用的快速曲波变换(Fast Discrete Curvelet Trans form,FDCT)对物体边缘信息具有最优稀疏表示.通过实验表明,基于FDCT的图像消噪算法可以很好的保持图像边缘,使消噪后的图像获得较好的视觉效果,同时峰值信噪比(PSNR)也得到很大提高.     

养殖俄罗斯鲟性腺发育及人工繁殖

在繁殖季节通过肉眼观察和组织切片对池塘养殖7龄的俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedti)性腺发育进行分析,发现雌性个体间性腺发育差异较大(n=500)。其中73%卵巢中可以看到白色卵粒,卵径小于1.0mm;有16%卵巢达到Ⅲ期,卵粒已经着色;有9%卵巢发育到IV期早期,卵径平均为2.6±0.2 mm;还有2%卵巢中肉眼看不到卵粒,组织学观察属于I期卵巢。雄性俄罗斯鲟全部达到性成熟,有部分成熟好的可以挤出精液。激素催产2尾八龄和6尾九龄的雌性俄罗斯鲟,其中7尾催产成功;剖腹手术收集游离卵7.2 kg,催产后的雄鱼全部排精。     

加权平方误差测度下的快速矢量量化算法

为降低加权平方误差测度下的矢量量化运算量,针对加权因子固定与不固定两种情况,分别提出了快速搜索算法。加权因子固定时,对等均值最近临搜索算法做了相应改动即可应用;加权因子随输入矢量变化时,提出了一种分裂多级等均值最近临搜索算法,算法提出了3个新的排除准则,在不同的场合下选用部分或者全部,从而有效降低码字搜索运算量。测试结果表明:分裂多级等均值最近临搜索算法能够有效降低加权平方误差测度下矢量量化的运算量,比全搜索算法能够节省约69%的运算量。     

VxWorks内存管理机制研究及改进

对于没有内存管理单元MMU机制的嵌入式系统,采用实存储器管理策略的关键问题是有效、安全、可靠地使用内存。文中通过研究嵌入式开发对内存管理的基本要求、嵌入式开发内存管理的关键问题和VxWorks内存管理机制,给出了新的内存分配方案,即把除VxWorks系统保留内存以外的内存分为三种类型进行管理:固定大小的缓冲池、动态可变的堆以及由各种固定大小的缓冲区组成的队列。这种分配方案有效的满足了不同上层应用使用内存的需求,并且有效地避免了内存碎片问题。     

基于块匹配的运动估计的改进算法

运动估计是视频压缩中帧间预测编码的关键技术之一,在各个压缩标准中都广泛使用了基于块的运动估计技术。本文分析了影响运动估计时间和准确度的因素,提出结合各类算法优点的新型的算法,并由实验表明其优越性。     

On the natural history of the South American pepper frog,Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Some species of Leptodactylus of the L. pentadactylus group lay their eggs outside water but the tadpoles need to reach water to complete the larval phase; other species complete development in terrestrial nests. Here we present details of the reproduction of L. labyrinthicus in south‐eastern Brazil. The proportion of tadpoles and trophic eggs in aged egg clutches was determined, as well as the growth of the tadpoles while in the nest. The gut contents of tadpoles that were in egg clutches of frogs were analysed. Adult males did not differ from females in size and had hypertrophied forearms and an enlarged spine on the thumb. Reproduction was initiated with the first rains of August/September and extended to mid‐January. Calling and spawning occurred at permanent or temporary water bodies. The foam nests were built in excavated basins outside of, but close to the water. The male determined the place of the basin construction; after amplexus, the female completed the excavation. The amplexus was axillary. One female spent the day after spawning in the foam. The eggs were pale grey, the yolk averaging 2.3?mm in diameter. The mean number of eggs was 2101 per egg clutch. The number of tadpoles in individual nests varied between 0.05% and 11.40% in relation to the total laid eggs. The tadpoles entered water when rains flooded the basin. The tadpoles grew to 12 times the weight of an individual egg while in the nest; no nesting tadpole was beyond stage 25. The longest time we followed tadpoles in a nest was 25 days. Tadpoles were found preying upon eggs of three other frog species and upon conspecific eggs. Males fought by grasping each other in a belly‐to‐belly position; the powerful arms and the thumb spines represent weapons. Even though males can reach maturity in the season following birth, small size would prevent them from establishing their own territory. All the species of the L. pentadactylus group may build their foam nests within excavated basins. The basins may protect the eggs and embryos from cannibalistic tadpoles and may have an anti‐desiccation effect. In order to produce trophic eggs, the female may delay laying additional unfertilized eggs until after the male has abandoned the foam nest. Anuran eggs represent an important food item for tadpoles after they leave the nest.     

Abundance,reproduction, and feeding of three species of British terrestrial planarians: Observations over 4 years

Over 4 years, daily counts recorded 830 Microplana scharffi, 2752 M. terrestris, and 108 of an unknown khaki Microplana species under wood, concrete, polythene, and a plank at a shaded site in a domestic garden. Numbers peaked in July and August. Microplana scharffi more often occurred under polythene, M. terrestris and the khaki species more often under wood. Cocoons peaked in June and July and hatchlings between July and September. Twelve M. terrestris cocoons yielded 50 hatchlings. Three M. scharffi cocoons yielded eight hatchlings. The time taken to hatch reduced from February to August. Earthworms accounted for 87% of M. scharffi prey. Microplana terrestris consumed earthworms, Arion hortensis and Discus rotundatus. Hatchling and unfed M. scharffi were yellow or cream. Fed individuals varied from pink to pale brown, depending on prey colour.     

"泥泥狗"作为文化符号和审美元素的解读

从"泥泥狗"造型、色彩和纹饰特点等方面分析了被称为华夏文明的"活化石"、"真图腾"的"泥泥狗",认为其不仅具有独特的文化美,而且还是远古人类繁衍崇拜的物化和象征.     

足球比赛中快速进攻传接球失误的原因分析

对足球比赛中快速进攻传接球失误的原因进行了研究,发现运动员传接球技术掌握程度和传接球的时空把握是影响快速进攻传接球成功的主要因素.为训练及比赛中培养运动员快速传接球的意识,提高足球比赛中传接球的应变能力和成功率提供参考.