晴雯传的“一篇眼目”——曹雪芹向陶渊明学习一例

"重言积字"是陶渊明首先使用、钱锺书首次发现的一种修辞手法,曹雪芹向陶渊明学习、借鉴了这一修辞手法.<五柳先生传>之所以要用一连串"不"字,这是陶渊明不愿有所作为.决不与统治阶级合作的思想体现.<红楼梦>写晴雯四次连用"冷笑",旨在刻画睛雯光明磊落、不畏权势的"爆炭"性格.     

一种基于圆检测的眼睛定位方法

眼睛定位在人脸检测及人脸识别技术中有着极其重要的实用价值,但传统的基于几何特征的眼睛定位方法在不同程度上存在着定位不够准确或计算量大的缺点,本文针对这一不足提出了一种快速、有效的眼睛定位方法。在初步定位人脸区域后,采用Robert算子进行边缘提取,然后应用圆的几何性质在人眼大致区域内检测圆,进而定位眼睛中心。实验证明了算法的有效性。     

基于复杂网络的三种眼睛状态下脑功能连通性比较

尝试构建不同眼睛状态下的静息态脑功能网络,研究睁眼、闭眼和自由状态下的大脑网络拓扑结构差异.招募了13例被试者,用一台3T的西门子磁共振仪,获取了3种眼睛静息状态下各8min的功能磁共振数据,并同时采集了结构像.随后,构建3组被试者的功能连通矩阵,计算其复杂网络的全局特征系数、局部特征系数等测度参数.对测度进行方差分析与双样本t检验,以统计分析被试者之间的差异.我们发现,所有的状态在合适的稀疏度下,展现了小世界特性;相比于其他状态,闭眼状态下的全局效率较低.自由状态在复杂网络的各项测度上接近睁眼状态.综上所述,该项研究展现了睁眼、闭眼、自由状态对人脑功能连通网络的影响,并为眼睛状态如何影响功能磁共振实验提供了关键的证据.     

人脸识别中利用眼球进行人脸归一化

人脸识别中,人脸的归一化处理是至关重要的一个环节,以此为基础可使得人脸的整体分析和识别变得容易和准确。算法首先利用人脸的垂直积分投影曲线获得人脸的左右边界,然后利用水平积分投影曲线获得人眼所处的大致水平位置,进而裁剪出这个包含人眼的大致区域。在此基础上利用Canny算子求出眼睛区域的边缘图像,然后对边缘像素进行聚类,再利用Hough变换的改进方法求出左右眼球中心的精确位置,最后利用中心瞳孔的位置进行人脸的归一化处理。经实验验证,该方法速度快、精确度高,受表情、偏转和光照的影响小。经本方法校正后,后续的识别正确率得到了提高。     

一种基于标准混合高斯模型的快速人脸检测方法

针对室内移动机器人运动过程提出一种快速而稳定的人脸检测方法.由于室内存在多种物体,背景不断变化,且光照条件可能不断变化,提出采用人脸肤色的标准混合高斯模型与人眼特征相结合的人脸检测法,无需对原始图像进行尺度变换.检测过程首先将经过补光处理及光线增强的人脸库转换到YCbCr空间,求其非线性变换空间YC'bC'r,求出左右脸标准正态密度函数及混合高斯分布;然后根据人眼颜色特征,分别对人脸肤色候选区域进行人眼候选区域提取,利用人眼Gabor模板的不变Hu矩与人眼候选区域的相关性,找出人眼拟合矩形区域,再综合利用人眼与人脸的特征关系以及人脸候选区域的投影关系检测出人脸区域.大量实验表明,新方法速度快,适应性较好,并可扩展检测到侧面人脸.     

A rare lobopod with well-preserved eyes from Chengjiang Lagerst(?)tte and its implications for origin of arthropods

The origin of arthropods has long been one ofthe most hotly-debated subjects. Arthropods used to bethought closely related with annelids, but the two groups arenow believed to be separated into two major realms withinProtostomia on the basis of new molecular data. Although itis generally held by paleontologists that arthropods should berooted in the early lobopods--a kind of worm-like creaturewith non-segmented legs, no intermediate forms have beenfound to bridge them. Here we report an organism with amixture of characters, including features characteristic ofarthropods (e.g., primary cephalization with paired eyes,paired antennae, and preliminary tagmosis) and of lobopods(e.g., worm-like body design, the dorsal spines, andnon-segmented Iimbs or lobe-like legs). The discovery of therare transitional form may throw new light on the origin ofarthropods and suggests that the most primitive arthropodsbegan with paired uniramous legs and the biramous onesevolved later.     

晚清女主的多重性——近年来关于慈禧评价的新气象

建国后30年晚清女主慈禧太后一直作为封建地主阶级的总头子,被钉在历史的耻辱柱上。改革开放以来,史学界开始以马克思主义的两点论、过程论来评价历史人物。于是,在近年的评价中,已基本肯定慈禧亦有抵抗列强侵略、推进改革、开眼看世界的一面,如她在辛酉政变、晚清新政的作为,应从正面去观照等。而沈渭滨的新著《细说慈禧》则全方位地客观地评价了慈禧太后的功过是非。     

Morphologische Indizien für das unmittelbare Schwestergruppenverhältnis der Schizophora mit den Syrphoidea (‘Aschiza’) in der phylogenetischen Systematik der Cyclorrhapha (Diptera: Brachycera)

The phylogenetic relationships of the Schizophora with the families of the Aschiza were investigated on the basis of synapomorphies. Depending on the family, the sensory epithelium of the retinae of the compound eyes of flies consists either of populations of two ommatidial elements or of uniform ommatidia: duotype and monotype respectively. Within the Cyclorrhapha, the monotype occurs exclusively in the Schizophora and Syrphoidea (= Syrphidae + Pipunculidae), whereas the duotype occurs in the remaining Aschiza. These two types form a plesio-apomorphous pair: on the basis of character state analysis the duotype was regarded as plesiomorphous and the monotype proved to be a synapomorphy of the Schizophora and Syrphoidea. The retinal pair was accorded a high relevance as an indicator of the phylogenetic relationships in Cyclorrhapha owing to its special morphology and the very low probability of a parallel development of the apomorphous monotype.

In this paper the hypothesis (Hennig, 1976) that the dorsobasal arista on the antennal flagellum in the Schizophora and Syrphoidea is a synapomorphy compared to the original apical arista was confirmed on the basis of literature studies.

The monophyly of these two groups together, and their sister group relationship, were demonstrated in an argumentation scheme. Three alterations of the conventional systematics of the Cyclorrhapha were undertaken: (a) the term ‘Eumuscomorpha’ was introduced to designate a new monophyletic taxon of the Schizophora and Syrphoidea. (b) The remaining groups of the Aschiza were temporarily subsumed in a ‘superfamily Platypezoidea’ owing to their manifestation of complementary symplesiomorphous characteristics. Until its phylogenetic character (monophyly or paraphyly) is unequivocally clarified, it remains an ‘artifical’ entity. (c) The term ‘Aschiza’ is for a taxon of the genealogical system no longer applicable.     

Caruncle in Megalomma Johansson, 1925 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) and the description of a new species from the Eastern Tropical Pacific

The presence of a caruncle in the polychaete family Sabellidae is documented. It is placed dorsally above the mouth, between the dorsal lips, supported with hyaline cartilage constituted by a homogeneous eosinophilic matrix and it is innervated directly from the cerebral ganglion. The caruncle surface has four longitudinal ciliated bands; the cilia from the lateral bands are hypertrophied, wider distally, tongue‐like, forming a ciliated curtain or membranella. The genus Megalomma is emended based on the presence of a caruncle, a long dorsalmost radiolar pair, a high number of radiolar skeletal cells, and the presence of interramal eyespots. We describe a new species from Acapulco in the Tropical Eastern Pacific –Megalomma carunculata sp. nov. It has a caruncle, subtriangular ventral lappets, well developed dorsal pockets, compound eyes in all radioles, and interramal eyespots in the thoracic and abdominal segments.     

鼻咽癌在眼部表现14例临床分析

探讨鼻咽癌在眼部的临床表现方式和诊断手段 .对 14例有明显眼征的鼻咽癌的临床表现和诊断情况包括误诊原因进行统计分析 .鼻咽癌早期临床表现不典型时误诊率较高 ,特别是容易误诊为各种“眼病” .通过细致的临床检查、X线摄影或CT检查 ,以及病理组织切片 ,可帮助确诊 ,减少误诊、漏诊 .