应用数学模型模拟膜反应器中丁烷脱氢

建立了模拟真实实验室膜反应器的数学模型：活塞流数学模型。将数学模型与实验数据紧密结合起来，计算出与实验符合得很好的模拟结果。为无机膜反应器的设计和无机膜制备指出了方向。     

The inner ear structures of the echidna—An SEM study

Summary Surface structures of the echidna cochlea were investigated using a scanning electron microscope technique. It was found that unlike typical mammalian cochleas, the echidna cochlea possesses four rows of inner hair cells and 6–9 rows of outer hair cells, and that the arrangements of the stereocilia of the outer hair cells were not uniform throughout the length of the basilar membrane.We are grateful for the valuable advice given by Mr J. Nailon.     

液膜法提取发酵液中的苯丙氨酸 Ⅱ.操作工艺条件

采用乳化液膜法，对分离和浓缩苯丙氨酸的一些重要操作参数：搅拌速度、环境温度、外相ｐＨ值、油内比、处理比和料液初始浓度等进行了研究，得出了既能保持膜稳定性又能保持较高分离效率的最佳工艺条件。以发酵液为背景，对发酵液中的杂质如氯化钠、葡萄糖，金属阳离子及杂质氨基酸存在下的选择性进行了教察，在此基础上对苯丙氨酸的实际发酵液的萃取也进行了研究，并提出了改进传质效率的方法。     

ABA、6—BA对质膜破坏的影响研究

以小麦(Tricua aestivum)离体叶片为材料,通过衰老处理,研究其衰老过程中质膜的分解与破坏。结果表明:经脱落酸(ABA)处理的叶片,其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、抗坏血酸(Vitam C)含量下降加剧,丙二醛(MDA)迅速积累,质膜透性丧失加快,膜破坏迅速;经6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)处理,其SOD活性、Vitam C含量下降减缓,MDA缓慢积累,质膜透性丧失减慢,膜破坏减缓。     

Host recognition by toxigenic plant pathogens

Certain fungal pathogens release host-selective (or host-specific) toxins (HST) as a host recognition factor during spore germination at the infection site on plants. Prior to penetration of the pathogen into its host, the released toxin specifically binds to a putative receptor on the host cells and initiates signaling mechanisms leading to pleiotropic effects on cells. Of these, the crucial one negates the general and inducible defense reactions of the cells. This is accomplished by a signal from the HSt, which is transduced through a path way at or near the step of plasma membrane modulation, which is directly or indirectly triggered by the HST. This mechanism operates even though the toxin may affect mitochondria or chloroplasts as the primary target organelle. The fungal spore is able to penetrate the so-called narcotized cell and completes the initial colonization of the host. The host recognition process may take place without necessitating host cell death, even in the case of perthophytic parasites. At the molecular level, HST-mediated recognition of the host by a pathogen requires strict stereochemical precision like a lock and key.     

Age-dependent changes of rat liver plasma membrane composition

Summary The chemical composition of liver plasma membrane was studied in Wistar rats aged between 3 and 24 months. Results obtained indicate a significant age-dependent positive correlation of both the protein:phospholipid and cholesterol:phospholipid ratios, whereas the protein:cholesterol ratio seems to remain unaffected. Phospholipid analysis of liver plasma membrane reveals that only the phosphatidylcholine content has a significant negative correlation with age; all other phospholipid species remain basically unchanged.Supported by a grant of the Italian National Research Council, Project Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine, Subproject Mechanisms of Aging.     

Etiology of rheumatoid arthritis

Summary Definite genetic associations with immunological cooperative HLA-D(R) antigens have been demonstrated for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Microbial etiology has not been proven, but some hope for the supporters of this view is still given by small viruses, plasmids of enteric bacteria or perhaps oncogen-like DNA-sequences. Yet, electrophoretical analysis of membrane proteins or surface glycoproteins of RA synovial cells does not show any differences compared to reference cells. Autoimmunity to several tissue elements has been demonstrated, but most of it is of secondary nature. Antigenicities of type II and III collagens are probably only contributory factors for HLA-DR4 positive individuals. Proteoglycans or minor cartilage collagens have not been extensively studied, so far. Endocrine, dietary or psychological influences might be triggering events for otherwise preloaded individuals.     

复合Li2SO4质子传导膜的性能

制备了以Li2SO4为基体的复合质子传导膜。采用电化学阻抗波谱分析法（EIS）研究了掺杂不同组分如Li2WO4、Na2SO4和Al2O3、以及掺杂不同的比例时制备不同厚度的复合质子传导膜的离子（电）传导率。在Li2SO4中掺杂适宜比例的Li2WO4或Na2SO4可提高膜的离子传导率,掺杂Li2WO4比掺杂Na2SO4制备的复合膜具有更高的离子传导率和较佳的性能。虽然掺杂Al2O3会稍微降低膜的质子传导率,但确可以提高膜的机械性能。膜的厚度减少,其离子传导率增加,但膜太薄,气体容易从膜一侧渗透到另一侧（crossover）。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对复合膜进行了表征,掺杂Li2WO4制备的复合膜结构较致密和紧凑、性能较好。实验结果表明,适宜的膜厚为0.8mm,由Li2SO4、Li2WO4和Al2O3制备的复合膜适宜的组成为75wt％(90mol%Li2SO4+10mol%Li2WO4）＋25wt%Al2O3,其离子传导率在600、650、700和750℃时高达0.16、0.38、0.46和0.52Scm1。研究了以H2S为燃料、复合Mo-Ni-S为阳极、复合Li2SO4为质子传导膜、复合NiO为阴极、空气作为氧化剂的单电池的电化学性能,Li2SO4+Li2WO4＋Al2O3复合膜的电池性能较优。     

不同运行模式序批式膜生物反应器中污泥特性研究

比较了不同运行模式(AO、AOA及A 2O)对序批式膜生物反应器(SBMBR)污泥特性的影响.结果表明:运行模式对污泥粒径存在明显的影响,曝气时间较长的AO MBR及厌氧末引入缺氧段的A 2O MBR,有助于形成紧密而细小的颗粒.而粒径大且结构松散的污泥耗氧速率较高;充分的好氧时间则有利于耗氧速率的提高.好氧吸磷速率受运行方式影响,且与耗氧速率呈正相关性.适宜的厌氧阶段时长有助于提高污泥厌氧释磷能力;缺氧段及其位置的设置对反硝化除磷菌的选择与富集影响较大.本试验中A 2O MBR中反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)比例为40.6%,分别比AO及AOA MBR中提高了0.57和0.34倍.膜反应器中膜污染主要由膜表面滤饼层导致.曝气时间只是控制膜污染的因素之一,膜污染随污泥平均粒径的减小而加重,运行方式对膜污染也起着不可忽视的作用.     

纳米TiO_2/壳聚糖复合膜的制备与性能研究

纳米TiO2经表面改性剂月桂酸钠改性后,用溶液共混法制备了壳聚糖-TiO2复合膜,用FTIR和TEM表征了其结构与形态,并在粘度、厚度、水蒸气透过率、透光率及其与农药混和后在农作物上的应用等方面进行了研究.实验结果表明,复合膜中,壳聚糖与TiO:微粒间存,在较强的氢键作用,从而使TiO2和壳聚糖之间有较好的界面作用,壳聚糖的力学性能得到提高,水蒸气透过率下降,透光率得到提高;同时,复合膜与农药混和后,利用复合膜良好的成膜性及力学性能,使复合膜农药的药效长效性比单纯农药显著提高.