九孔鲍血细胞的研究

采用May Grunwald-Giemsa染色法研究九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexa)血细胞的显微结构,根据细胞大小和核质比将九孔鲍血细胞分为3类:大细胞、中等细胞和小细胞.血细胞密度为(8.32±4.76)×106/mL,大细胞、中等细胞和小细胞分别占血细胞总数的3.6%、91.7%和4.7%.透射电镜下血细胞可分为两类:颗粒细胞对应于光镜下的大细胞和中等细胞;无颗粒细胞对应于光镜下的小细胞.用细胞化学的方法证明九孔鲍血细胞中含有多糖、酸性磷酸酶、非特异性酯酶和过氧化物酶,它们的阳性率分别为57.3%、95.2%、86.3%、6.7%;但是根据血细胞的这几种成分不能区分血细胞的类型.     

Profiling of the secreted proteins during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation leads to the identification of novel adipokines

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ capable of secreting a number of adipokines with a role in the regulation of adipose tissue and whole-body metabolism. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry to profile the secreted proteins from (pre)adipocytes. The culture medium of 3T3-L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation was screened, and 41 proteins that responded to blocking of secretion by 20°C treatment and/or brefeldin A treatment were identified. Prohibitin, stress-70 protein, and adhesion-regulating molecule 1 are reported for the first time as secreted proteins. In addition, procollagen C-proteinase enhancer protein, galectin-1, cyclophilin A and C, and SF20/IL-25 are newly identified as adipocyte secreted factors. Secretion profiles indicated a dynamic environment including an actively remodeling extracellular matrix and several factors involved in growth regulation.Received 15 June 2004; received after revision 26 July 2004; accepted 2 August 2004     

楸树扦插生根过程中插条保护酶与丙二醛动态变化

以金丝楸和圆基长果楸的嫩枝为材料,研究了ABT处理下扦插生根过程中3种保护酶活性和丙二醛含量的动态变化,分析了其变化规律与生根的关系。结果表明:3种保护酶活性和丙二醛含量与楸树嫩枝扦插生根过程密切相关;叶片和皮部SOD活性各自呈现升—降和降—升的趋势;两部位的POD活性和MDA含量均呈现升-降的趋势;叶片PPO活性呈现升—降趋势,而皮部PPO活性则出现双峰变化。酶活性和MDA含量变化的转折点则由于品种的不同以及ABT处理与否出现很大的差异。对酶活性和MDA含量进行有效调控是突破楸树扦插繁殖困难的有效方法之一。     

Extracellular matrix and neuronal movement

Summary During brain development, both neuronal migration and axon guidance are influenced by extracellular matrix molecules present in the environment of the migrating neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibers. Glial laminin is an extracellular matrix protein which these early brain cells preferentially attach to. Extracellular glycosaminoglycans are suggested to function in restricting neuronal cell bodies and axons from certain brain areas. Since laminin is deposited along the radial glial fibers and along the developing nerve pathways in punctate form, the punctate assemblies may be one of the key factors in routing the developing neurons in vivo. This review discusses the role of laminin in neuronal movement given the present concept of the extracellular matrix molecules and their proposed interactions.     

Manipulating the activity of immobilized enzymes with different organo-smectite complexes

Summary Enzymes may be immobilized on hydrophobic surfaces of organo-smectite complexes. The immobilized enzyme may be active, partially active, or inactive depending on the nature of the organic surface. These materials may be useful as models for enzymes in natural systems, and in medicine and industry.This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-8306583. Journal Article No. 11603 of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Latent iron deficiency alters gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate metabolism in rat brain

Summary A diet containing 18–20 mg iron/kg to young weaned rats for 8 weeks altered the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in the central nervous system without affecting blood hemoglobin. Subsequent rehabilitation with 390 mg iron/kg diet for 2 weeks normalized these changes.     

Stat3调控MMP9和TIMP1的转录与表达

通过脂质体瞬时转染Stat3重组质粒的方法在NIH3T3细胞中过表达Stat3;采用RT-PCR,Western blot以及荧光素酶活性分析的方法评估Stat3对MMP9及对其内源性抑制因子TIMP1的影响.结果表明:Stat3可增强MMP9及TIMP1基因启动子的活性,促进两者的转录与表达;并且Stat3对TIMP1的促进作用明显强于对MMP9的促进作用,从而使ECM的降解能力减弱,细胞外基质成分积累,导致纤维化的发生.     

不同pH值下胞外聚合物对污泥脱水性能及束缚水含量的影响

研究了不同pH值下污泥脱水性能和束缚水含量的变化,通过测定污泥调理过程中各层胞外聚合物( S-EPS、LB-EPS和TB-EPS)中蛋白质和多糖的含量、S-EPS中有机官能团以及有机酸的含量,探讨了胞外聚合物对污泥脱水性能及束缚水含量的影响.酸性条件下,污泥的脱水性能明显好于中性条件,并且pH值为3.03时,污泥滤饼含水率( WC)和毛细吸水时间( CST)均降至最低,分别为60.8%和25.4 s;碱性条件下,污泥中束缚水的含量明显增加,WC和CST均大幅升高,污泥脱水性能恶化.酸碱的加入导致污泥中TB-EPS含量降低,LB-EPS和S-EPS含量升高,并且EPS各层组均与WC、CST以及束缚水含量具有很强的相关性,其中S-EPS与污泥脱水性能以及束缚水含量的相关性最显著.酸碱调理过程中,部分EPS水解生成有机酸等小分子有机物,S-EPS中有机官能团的总量和种类都有明显增多.     

北京东灵山两种温带森林根际和非根际土壤酶活性、温度敏感性及矢量特征的季节动态

以北京东灵山两种主要植被类型——白桦(Betula platyphylla)林和辽东栎(Quercus wutaishanica)林土壤为研究对象, 于2017年春季(5 月)、夏季(7 月)、秋季(9 月)和冬季(12 月)分别采集根际与非根际土壤, 测定土壤理化性质、微生物生物量、植物根叶功能性状、3种水解酶(BG, NAG 和 AP)及两种氧化酶(POX和PER)的活性及其温度敏感性和矢量特征。结果表明, 白桦林和辽东栎林土壤胞外酶活性、温度敏感性和矢量角度均存在显著的季节变化趋势, 且水解酶活性及温度敏感性的变化趋势与氧化酶相反; 根际土壤与非根际土壤中胞外酶活性、温度敏感性及矢量特征存在差异, 但季节变化趋势相同。温度是土壤胞外酶活性温度敏感性及矢量特征季节动态的重要驱动因素, 土壤 pH、土壤养分含量、植物叶片养分含量及细根生物量、细根密度对土壤胞外酶活性、温度敏感性及矢量特征有显著影响。     

长期氮添加对落叶松和水曲柳人工林土壤碳、氮、磷含量和胞外酶活性的影响

【目的】氮(N)沉降速率的持续增加影响着森林生态系统的物质循环。本研究旨在探讨长期N添加对两种人工林土壤微生物生物量和胞外酶活性的影响。【方法】基于黑龙江帽儿山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站落叶松(Larix gmelinii)和水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)人工林的长期(16年)N添加[N添加速率为10 g/(m²·a)]试验,测定对照和N添加处理样地土壤的碳(C)、N、磷(P)各组分含量、微生物生物量以及C、N、P循环相关的胞外酶活性。【结果】长期N添加显著增加了两种人工林无机N含量,但降低了两种人工林微生物生物量C、N含量。N添加抑制了水曲柳人工林β-葡萄糖苷酶、过氧化物酶和酚氧化酶活性,但对落叶松人工林的这些C分解酶活性的抑制作用不显著。回归分析进一步发现微生物生物量、β-葡萄糖苷酶、过氧化物酶和酚氧化酶均随着土壤pH的降低而显著降低。几丁质酶活性在落叶松人工林中对N添加呈现负响应,却在水曲柳人工林中对N添加呈现正响应。然而,N添加均未显著改变两种人工林的磷酸酶活性、总有机C,以及酸水解法划分的C组分、全N、全P和有效P含量。【结论】长期N添加主要通过土壤酸化途径改变落叶松和水曲柳人工林土壤微生物生物量和酶活性,而N添加对胞外酶活性的影响因树种而异,这可能与两个树种的不同凋落物质量和菌根类型有关。N添加对土壤微生物和C分解酶活性的抑制作用并没有显著增加土壤C含量和改变C组分,其内在机制需要未来从土壤有机C的形成和稳定性方面进行揭示。