英汉词义宽窄对比

英汉两种语言中的相应词汇所涵盖的语义范围往往各不相同，到底是“英宽汉窄”还是“汉宽英窄”，从宏观角度来下判断往往不能导出科学的结论，但若从微观角度、从不同的层面分析，可发现英汉词义各有宽窄。从英汉上义词、下义词、同义词及多义词的角度入手探讨对比，可找到英汉词义宽窄的某些规律；而从词汇学、词源学、语义学及社会文化因素等方面也可找到其相应的理据。     

KAWAHARA方程的新的精确孤立波解

用修正扩张的双曲正切函数法及其他的新推广给出Kawahara方程的新的精确孤立波解，所给出的修正扩张的双曲正切函数法的新推广可用来寻找其他非线性方程的新的精确孤立波解。     

中国古代"言意论"的现代审视

言意关系是中国古代论不断探讨的重要的学理论问题，它缘起于日常表达中的言意困惑，上升而为学表达中的言意辨析，形成中国古代独特的言意理论。从现代角度观之，言意论包含着丰富的化价值，主要体现在：(1)使中国古代学话语方式体现出本体论意义；(2)在这种学话语中触及了中国独特的认识论方式；(3)促成了中国学创作特色，并实现了中国学理论的独特建构。     

论艺术语言和"立象以尽意"的关系

界定“艺术语言”、“意象”，解释“立象以尽意”的含义，论证“立象以尽意”是艺术语言的本体；艺术语言的创造过程是“立象以尽意”的过程，艺术语言的审美过程是析象悟意的过程。     

一枝一叶总关情--《尘埃落定》的比喻特色

作者在将人物生动形象化的同时,将笔触伸入到人物内心世界作深层次的刻镂;从喻体的选择角度,对其民族风情作"一斑"的窥见,有利于傻子视角的确立;其意蕴比显现的形象要深远,能为人们的解读提供更为广阔的空间和多种可能.     

An extended nonlinear state predictor for a class of nonlinear time delay systems

An extended nonlinear state predictor (ENSP) for a class of nonlinear systems with input time delay is proposed. Based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the ENSP first estimates the current states according to the previous estimations and estimation errors, next calculates the future state values via the system model, and then adjusts the values based on the current errors. After a state predictive algorithm for a class of linear systems is presented, it is extended to a class of nonlinear time delay systems and the detailed ENSP algorithm is further proposed. Finally, computer simulations with the nonlinear example are presented, which demonstrates that the proposed ENSP can effectively and accurately predict the future states for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems no matter whether the state variables change quickly or slowly.     

Testing and Evaluation for Web Usability Based on Extended Markov Chain Model

As the increasing popularity and complexity of Web applications and the emergence of their new characteristics. the testing and maintenance of large, complex Web applications are becoming more complex and difficult. Web applications generally contain lots of pages and are used by enormous users. Statistical testing is an effective way of ensuring their quality. Web usage can be accurately described by Markov chain which has been proved to be an ideal model for software statistical testing. The results of unit testing can b eutilized in the latter stages, wbich is an important strategy for bottom-to-top integration testing, and the other improvement of extended Markov chain model (FMM) is to present the error type vector which is treated as a part of page node. This paper also proposes the algorithm for generating test cases of usage paths. Finally, optional usage reliability evaluation methods and an incremental usability regression testing model for testing and evaluation are presented.     

自尊对生命意义感的预测机制 ——心理控制源和积极情绪的中介作用

基于自尊预测生命意义感的研究结果, 引入心理控制源和积极情绪两个变量作为中介变量, 分别从认知和情绪的角度探索自尊对生命意义感的预测机制。实验前采用自尊量表、心理控制源行为量表、情绪量表和生命意义感问卷分别测量被试的心理控制源、积极情绪以及生命意义感, 用表达性写作的方法, 分别启动被试的自尊水平, 最后再次测量被试的心理控制源、积极情绪和生命意义感, 用重复测量方差分析方法考察启动自尊对心理控制源、积极情绪和生命意义感的影响, 用分层回归和Bootstrap检验心理控制源和积极情绪对自尊和生命意义感的中介作用。结果表明, 启动自尊会显著影响被试的心理控制源、积极情绪和生命意义感, 心理控制源和积极情绪在自尊与生命意义感之间起中介作用。     

“压舱石”术语义商补

航运史上,空船往往必须加载压舱石,但加载压舱石的并不只有空船,《现代汉语词典》(第7版)“压舱石”释语中的释义成分“空船”宜改为“船只”。船用固体压舱物构成一个概念系统,其中“压舱石”和“压载铁(压舱铁)”的术语义在语义特征、使用语境和术语色彩上都有显著差异,“压舱石”释语中的释义成分“铸铁”宜删去。     

Extended parental care in two endobenthic amphipods

Extended parental care is described for two endobenthic amphipods which inhabit the estuarine soft-bottoms along the Gulf of Maine. The juveniles of both amphipod species, Leptocheirus pinguis and Casco bigelowi, remain in the burrow of their mother after they hatch from the brood pouch. Several consecutive clutches of L. pinguis can inhabit the female's burrow simultaneously, but in C. bigelowi there is always only one clutch of juveniles in the burrow of the female. Larger juveniles of L. pinguis start building their own small tubes at the bottom of the female's burrow. Casco bigelowi females increase the size of their burrows during the time when the juveniles grow. The juveniles of both species leave the female's burrow at about half adult size. The major tasks of female L. pinguis and C. bigelowi during the time of extended parental care is to irrigate and maintain the deep burrow. It is hypothesized that extended parental care in L. pinguis, C. bigelowi and other tube/burrow-living peracarids is a mechanism to protect small offspring from epibenthic predation.