A Theoretical Approach for Estimating Fracture Toughness of Ductile Metals

Fracture toughness is very important when applying Damage Tolerance Design and Assessment Techniques. The traditional testing approach for obtaining fracture toughness values is costly and time consuming. In order to estimate the fracture toughness of ductile metals, the fracture mechanics theory, materials plastic deformation theory and materials constructive relationships are employed here. A series of formulae and a theoretical approach are presented to calculate fracture toughness values of different materials in the plane stress and plane strain conditions. Compared with test results, evaluated values have a good agreement.     

炸药材料特性对整体式MEFP成形的影响

为提高整体式多爆炸成形弹丸（MEFP）毁伤能力,采用LS-DYNA数值仿真软件对不同炸药材料下整体式MEFP成形过程进行了仿真研究,并对采用B炸药的战斗部进行了地面静爆验证试验,试验结果和仿真结果吻合较好.研究表明随着炸药材料密度、爆速和爆压的增加,中心弹丸速度和长径比都得到大幅提高,中心弹丸侵彻能力增强;周边弹丸外形则由球形逐渐向长杆形发展,弹丸气动性减弱.炸药材料参数与毁伤元成形参数间呈抛物线变化规律,故可根据具体目标选择合适的炸药材料,以提高对目标的毁伤概率.     

The primitive ontology of quantum physics: Guidelines for an assessment of the proposals

The paper seeks to make progress from stating primitive ontology theories of quantum physics—notably Bohmian mechanics, the GRW matter density theory and the GRW flash theory—to assessing these theories. Four criteria are set out: (a) internal coherence; (b) empirical adequacy; (c) relationship to other theories; and (d) explanatory value. The paper argues that the stock objections against these theories do not withstand scrutiny. Its focus then is on their explanatory value: they pursue different strategies to ground the textbook formalism of quantum mechanics, and they develop different explanations of quantum non-locality. In conclusion, it is argued that Bohmian mechanics offers a better prospect for making quantum non-locality intelligible than the GRW matter density theory and the GRW flash theory.     

Localization and the interface between quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and quantum gravity II: The search of the interface between QFT and QG

The main topics of this second part of a two-part essay are some consequences of the phenomenon of vacuum polarization as the most important physical manifestation of modular localization. Besides philosophically unexpected consequences, it has led to a new constructive “outside-inwards approach” in which the pointlike fields and the compactly localized operator algebras which they generate only appear from intersecting much simpler algebras localized in noncompact wedge regions whose generators have extremely mild almost free field behavior.Another consequence of vacuum polarization presented in this essay is the localization entropy near a causal horizon which follows a logarithmically modified area law in which a dimensionless area (the area divided by the square of dR where dR is the thickness of a light-sheet) appears. There are arguments that this logarithmically modified area law corresponds to the volume law of the standard heat bath thermal behavior. We also explain the symmetry enhancing effect of holographic projections onto the causal horizon of a region and show that the resulting infinite dimensional symmetry groups contain the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group. This essay is the second part of a partitioned longer paper.     

疑源类的早期辐射及其意义

通过对元古宙至寒武纪早期疑源类的分析研究表明：新元古代早期和晚期疑源类的辐射分别与全球范围内超级大陆（rodinia)形成及海洋中锶同位素^87Sr/^86Sr值显著上升，陆源物质增加，δ^13C值由负值转为正值的时期相吻合；早寒武世疑源类的辐射与超级大陆（pannotia)的形成、裂解对全球环境的影响有关。认为疑源类在早寒武世的适应辐射，改变了全球生物的营养结构，“中型浮游动物”对小个体棘刺疑源类的有效利用，可能是引发“寒武爆发”的原因之一。     

岩壁变形条件下结构面法向变形特征

开展了无周边约束条件下不同岩壁厚度结构面法向变形试验,结合结构面-岩壁系统刚度与系统厚度之间关系,得到了不同岩壁厚度条件下结构面-岩壁系统整体刚度的变化特征,以及岩体结构面刚度与结构面厚度.分析了不同周边约束条件下结构面刚度与闭合量之间的关系,提出了考虑岩壁变形条件下结构面法向变形本构模型及其适用条件.进一步讨论了岩壁-结构面系统的结构和材料特征,分析了结构面法向刚度合理试验方法的重要性.本研究将有利于加深对结构面法向变形特征的理解与认识.     

综放工作面顶煤承载能力和支架工作阻力的探讨

支架工作阻力计算是综放开采研究的主要问题之一.在对顶煤力学性质进行了实验室试验的基础上,总结出顶煤破坏时的强度满足主应力表示的莫尔-库仑强度准则.根据综放工作面顶煤体的受力特点,运用损伤力学应变等效原理,建立了综放工作面控顶距内顶煤体受力力学模型.从顶煤体承载能力的角度,研究综放面支架-顶煤体之间相互作用关系,推出了支架工作阻力的理论计算公式.该模型较好地解释了综放工作面支架工作阻力随顶煤强度的提高而增加的矿山压力显现.研究结论对综放面支架工作阻力计算具有一定的理论指导意义.     

一种新颖的可重构数据存储压力仪

为更好获取导弹动态毁伤效应数据,利用嵌入式数据采集技术,使用CPU和FPGA作为主控芯片,设计了一种可重构的数据存储压力仪. 该仪器通过内置压电压力传感器,采用双路模拟放大电路和数字控制与存储电路,实现系统两种压力量程的测量,可提高测量精度;应用差动输入、输出方式实现内/外触发,提高触发电路的抗干扰能力,确保全系统触发的可靠性. 在战斗部打靶实验中,由该数据存储压力仪组成的测量系统成功测量了动态爆炸冲击波压力场,证明了该仪器具有良好的实用性、可靠性和可扩展性.     

解析角变量量子化的困难

目的分析量子力学中角变量量子化的困难。方法采用列举,分析及归纳法进行论证。结果角变量量子化遇到难以解决的困难。结论在现有量子理论基础上,角变量量子化无法解决。     

水下核爆作用下混凝土重力坝模型破坏试验

采用落锤冲击模拟水下核爆的一次冲击波对混凝土重力坝的作用.试验遵循弹性-重力联合相似准则,并以冲量相似条件确定冲击摆的质量与悬挂高度.对两种坝体和坝基接触条件,即一种在平滑基底上筑坝,一种在锚固基底上筑坝,开展模型坝的冲击试验,得到模型坝体的动力特性.试验结果表明,坝体破坏模式包括贯穿性断裂、滑移、碎裂、层裂和抛掷等.并初步研究了核爆输入能量和大坝耗散能量之间的平衡关系.