接触式人体形态智能测试仪的研究

本文讨论应用单片微型计算机及机电一体化技术实现对人体形态参量的智能测试,把天赋条件优越、适合从事某项职业的人员选拨出来。文中从人体形态参量测试系统的分析入手,概述了智能测试系统中的传感器接口,并通过分量程自动转换来提高Ａ／Ｄ转换的分辨率,以保证测试所需的精度,设计了测试系统的硬件及软件,使用单片微型计算机对测试所得的人体形态参量进行分析及处理、记录存档并显示打印。此外,还对测量误差及精度提高等问题     

Collaborative explanation and biological mechanisms

This paper motivates and outlines a new account of scientific explanation, which I term ‘collaborative explanation.’ My approach is pluralist: I do not claim that all scientific explanations are collaborative, but only that some important scientific explanations are—notably those of complex organic processes like development. Collaborative explanation is closely related to what philosophers of biology term ‘mechanistic explanation’ (e.g., Machamer et al., Craver, 2007). I begin with minimal conditions for mechanisms: complexity, causality, and multilevel structure. Different accounts of mechanistic explanation interpret and prioritize these conditions in different ways. This framework reveals two distinct varieties of mechanistic explanation: causal and constitutive. The two have heretofore been conflated, with philosophical discussion focusing on the former. This paper addresses the imbalance, using a case study of modeling practices in Systems Biology to reveals key features of constitutive mechanistic explanation. I then propose an analysis of this variety of mechanistic explanation, in terms of collaborative concepts, and sketch the outlines of a general theory of collaborative explanation. I conclude with some reflections on the connection between this variety of explanation and social aspects of scientific practice.     

Histories of molecules: Reconciling the past

Molecular data and methods have become centrally important to evolutionary analysis, largely because they have enabled global phylogenetic reconstructions of the relationships between organisms in the tree of life. Often, however, molecular stories conflict dramatically with morphology-based histories of lineages. The evolutionary origin of animal groups provides one such case. In other instances, different molecular analyses have so far proved irreconcilable. The ancient and major divergence of eukaryotes from prokaryotic ancestors is an example of this sort of problem. Efforts to overcome these conflicts highlight the role models play in phylogenetic reconstruction. One crucial model is the molecular clock; another is that of ‘simple-to-complex’ modification. I will examine animal and eukaryote evolution against a backdrop of increasing methodological sophistication in molecular phylogeny, and conclude with some reflections on the nature of historical science in the molecular era of phylogeny.     

论中国人物画笔墨的继承和发展

中国人物画的表现形式经历了数千年的发展演变,形成了多种风格和流派以及独特的绘画理论和造型体系。人物画笔墨传统应在继承中不断的发展和创新,才能展示旺盛的生命力。     

拉曼光纤放大器噪声特性分析

分析了N信道密集波分复用系统采用拉曼光纤放大器时信道的噪声特性.利用非线性耦合波理论方程,推导出了噪声指数的表达式.应用数值分析法,得到了噪声指数与光纤长度、泵浦功率等的关系,并引入了噪声指数的极值.结果表明,光纤和信号功率一定时,噪声指数主要受光纤长度和泵浦光功率的影响,适当改变泵浦光功率对改善噪声性能有积极意义.     

对一道习题结论的思考与拓展

通过对一道习题的解答,借助图象,给结论一个直观易记的几何解释,并对这一结论进行了拓展。     

过程控制中计算机图形信息压缩存贮和图形滚动方法

对工业生产过程控制和管理中的计算机图形显示,提出一种压缩存贮和滚动的新方法。新方法的实施,可使图形数据占用的存贮空间减少约80％,一般地不需使用外存,从而大大提高了显示速度,解决了普通微型机存贮空间和显示速度之间的矛盾,有效地提高了普通微机的功能/价格比。所提出的方法均经工程实践检验过,效果良好。     

自动机械动力学特性数值实验系统

利用计算机技术，将自动机运动学／动力学计算，全枪动力不数值分析评估，图形模拟等模块有机地集成，完成分析轻武器主要动力学特性的任务。实现对轻武器系统的“设计－分析评价－再设计”的基本控制策略。该文讨论了轻武器动力学特性数值实验系统集成原理及过程，利用高级语言设计了中文支撑下的菜单显示模式，解决了混合语言事的数据流问题，以“外松内紧”为软件的组织原则，使数值实验系统的综合运行效果达到了预期目的。     

红花绿叶总相宜--谈正负形的创意与表现

在现代图形设计中，负形已不再只是仅仅作为衬托正形的底色，而可以通过种种联想，在保留正形完整的基础上，把它也设计成一个完善的形态。正负形的并存，不仅可以体现一定的精神内涵，同时。在视觉上可以形成一种独特的错视效果，从而使图形能够出色地完成吸引受众、传递信息的使命。     

建筑物透视图参数的确定

为减少计算机绘制透视图中透视参数选择的盲目性，通过透视投影分析来确定参数或者在程序中做一些透视变换的前期处理，使参数选择简单化，从而加快了三维图形的程序调试速度．