Philosophy of chemistry and the image of science

The philosophical analysis of chemistry has advanced at such a pace during the last dozen years that the existence of philosophy of chemistry as an autonomous discipline cannot be doubted any more. The present paper will attempt to analyse the experience of philosophy of chemistry at the, so to say, meta-level. Philosophers of chemistry have especially stressed that all sciences need not be similar to physics. They have tried to argue for chemistry as its own type of science and for a pluralistic understanding of science in general. However, when stressing the specific character of chemistry, philosophers do not always analyse the question ‘What is science?’ theoretically. It is obvious that a ‘monistic’ understanding of science should not be based simply on physics as the epitome of science, regarding it as a historical accident that physics has obtained this status. The author’s point is that the philosophical and methodological image of science should not be chosen arbitrarily; instead, it should be theoretically elaborated as an idealization (theoretical model) substantiated on the historical practice of science. It is argued that although physics has, in a sense, justifiably obtained the status of a paradigm of science, chemistry, which is not simply a physical science, but a discipline with a dual character, is also relevant for elaborating a theoretical model of science. The theoretical model of science is a good tool for examining various issues in philosophy of chemistry as well as in philosophy of science or science studies generally.     

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本文介绍了化反对称矩阵为反对称三对角矩阵的Ｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｅｒ方法和Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ方法， 以及计算反对称三对角矩阵特征值的低阶算法。讨论了反对称三对角矩阵与对称三对角矩 阵间的关系，提出了反对称三对角矩阵的特征值反问题，并给出了计算方法。     

生物学实验教学中存在的问题及对策

分析了高师院校生物学实验教学中存在的主要问题，并就如何提高实验教学质量提出了应对措施。     

良定Hadamard问题的统一研究

本文给出了良定Ｈａｄａｍａｒｄ问题的一个统一定理。     

(磁)流体波动力学问题的近似求解─参数微分法

针对非线性物理如等离子体物理、流体力学、大气科学等领域中信受人们关注的两类摄动问题（Ⅰ）、（Ⅱ）,引进"参数微分法"得到其近似解,其结果可用于研讨摄动对原物理问题解的影响。类似的问题在许多动力学问题物理解的数值定性分析及其应用WKB方法处理时也会经常遇到。这里的方法仅对两个特例给出,无疑可用于其它类似问题的处理。     

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对二阶抛物问题提出了一种新的混合元方法一扩展混合元方法．该方法能同时逼近未知函数、未知函数的梯度和流体的流量，较好地模拟了带有混合型边界条件的二阶抛物问题．通过数值分析进一步证明了未知函数、未知函数的梯度和流体的流量的最优L^2-误差估计。     

企业信息化建设中的三个重要问题

讨论企业信息化建设中的三个重要问题:企业信息化的误区,电子政务的引擎效应及存在的问题,以及网络与教育相关的问题等。     

无穷直线上的双解析函数的Riemann边值问题

研究双解析函数在无穷直线上的Riemann边值问题，并给出了该问题的可解性定理。