四卡问题的新视角——社会契约理论

Cosmides所提出的社会契约理论表明,人的推理能力具有领域特殊性的和内容依赖性。这不仅挑战了传统的推理假设,更以一种超越常规的方式促进了心理学特别是认知和发展心理学的发展。     

认知层次与信念更新对博弈合作行为影响研究

将认知层次模型引入到虚拟博弈中,考察具有异质认知层次的个体,其信念学习与更新规则对协调博弈最终均衡收敛的影响.研究表明:高阶认知层次局中人策略选择依赖于其关于低阶认知层次局中人策略选择的信念;局中人策略选择与其关于对手初始策略选择的信念有关;信念更新与博弈次数影响最终系统的合作水平.     

京津冀大气污染治理省际合作博弈模型

首先，结合目前京津冀区域大气污染的实际情况，提出了通过省际合作达到大气污染治理的 3 个基本假设. 其次，通过构建区域优化模型和 Shapley 值合作收益分配方案，建立了京津冀大气污染治理省际合作博弈模型. 通过求解区域优化模型得到各省份最优去除量和去除成本，进而利用 Shapley 值法获得相对公平的合作收益分配方案. 最后，以 2009 年京津冀各省份 SO₂ 去除为例进行了实证分析，结果显示了京津冀省际合作博弈模型的有效性和实用性，而且模型最优化模拟结果可作为区域决策的重要参考，促使各省份合作共赢.     

非对称信息条件下排污申报登记制度的策略

研究如何在污染物排放总量控制中通过排污申报登记获得真实的污染物排放量信息。用对策论的决策树方法建立了非对称信息条件下的惩罚模型 ,分析了在非对称信息条件下管理者与被管理者的策略选择。分析的结论是 :管理者可以以一定的费用与收益对被管理者的行为策略进行约束 ,并影响被管理者在整个对策博弈过程中更为理性地申报排污信息     

Dynamic Niching Genetic Algorithm with Data Attraction for Automatic Clustering

A genetic clustering algorithm was developed based on dynamic niching with data attraction. The algorithm uses the concept of Coulomb attraction to model the attraction between data points. Then, the niches with data attraction are dynamically identified in each generation to automatically evolve the optimal number of clusters as well as the cluster centers of the data set without using cluster validity functions or a variance-covariance matrix. Therefore, this clustering scheme does not need to pre-specify the number of clusters as in existing methods. Several data sets with widely varying characteristics are used to demonstrate the superiority of this algorithm. Experimental results show that the performance of this clustering algorithm is high, effective, and flexible.     

Misère规则下确定Wythoff’s游戏最优策略的基因方法

研究misère规则下的Wythoff's游戏,用基因的方法确定出所有P-位置,进而给出了在standard规则下的P+位置与misère规则下的P-位置之间的联系.     

高校图书馆占座问题的动态博弈分析

通过建立自习读者之间的静态博弈模型,分析了图书馆占座现象产生的原因;通过建立图书馆与读者之间的动态博弈模型,分析了在图书馆占座现象管理中图书馆与读者的行为选择,对图书馆占座现象的管理提出了一些建议。     

Prediction of sites under adaptive evolution in flavin-containing monooxygenases: Selection pattern revisited

Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), like cytochrome P450 (CYP), is a monooxygenase that uses the reducing equivalents of NADPH to reduce one atom of molecular oxygen to water, while the other atom is used to oxidize the substrate. Recently, it was shown that some CYP isoforms have been subject to positive selection. However, it is unknown whether the highly conserved phase I detoxification enzyme, FMO, has undergone similar positive Darwinian selection. We used maximum-likelihood models of codon substitution, evolutionary fingerprinting, and cross species comparison to investigate the occurrence of adaptive evolution in FMO sequences. We used recent genomic data from a range of species, including vertebrates and invertebrates. We present the evidence for the occurrence of adaptive evolution in mammalian FMO 3, 4, 5, and fugu FMOs but not in mammalian FMO 1, FMO 2, frog FMOs, other fish FMOs and invertebrate FMOs. The sites under adaptive evolution were significantly associated with the insertion domain in mammalian FMO 5. We identified specific amino acid sites in FMOs 3–5 that are likely targets for selection based on the patterns of parallel amino acid change. The most likely role of adaptive evolution is the repair of mutations that permitted optimal NADP+ binding and improved catalytic efficiency. The occurrence of positive selection during the evolution of phase I detoxification enzymes such as FMOs 3–5 and fugu FMO suggests the occurrence of both high selection pressure acting on species within their unique habitats and significant changes in intensity and direction (forms of xenobiotics and drugs) resulting from changes in microhabitat and food.     

泛函微分方程解的唯一性和渐近性

泛函微分方程的渐进理论作为泛函微分方程定性理论的一部分,在最近30年有了迅速的发展,广泛的应用背景是促使这一理论迅速发展的基础.本文结合时滞泛函微分方程的研究现状,对泛函微分方程解的唯一性和渐进性问题进行了分析.     

博弈论在工程建设项目招投标中的应用

应用博弈论不完全信息静态理论,对工程建设项目招投标的博弈过程,以及投标人如何做出正确决策进行投标报价做了深入的分析,并在此基础上提出了促进招投标机制应采取的措施.