区域竞争性港口“中心极化”现象的博弈解释

作为一个国家(区域)对外贸易的重要窗口,港口的重要性不言而喻,而我国沿海地区港口的分布呈现出显著的中心聚集现象。本文通过构建改进的Hotelling模型,进行了港口聚集现象的静态分析,在此基础上,运用博弈论分别从两港口先后决策和同时决策两个方面,进行了港口不断聚集的动态解释。最后,基于港口聚集带来的过度竞争问题和共享基础设施的机遇提出建议,认为应建立区域内统协合作的行政机构,负责区域内港口的合作与发展,协调港口间的关系;不断聚集的各港口应积极开展业务合作、资本合作,共同承担区域内公共基础设施的建设。     

基于博弈论的开放环境下场景规约监控语义

在开放环境中,环境和系统本身行为的改变可能使得软件系统的实现不再满足原来规约,从而最终导致软件失效的发生.运行时监控是一种轻量级的形式化动态验证技术,已成为开放环境下检测软件失效的基本手段.针对基于场景的规约属性序列图,从博弈论的角度定义其多值监控语义:满足、无限可控、系统有限可控、系统紧急可控、环境有限可控、环境紧急可控和违例.通过多值监控语义的定义,监控器能够根据当前轨迹尽可能早地检测到系统失效或异常,并提供足够信息为失效的预防和恢复服务.实例研究表明了属性序列图多值监控语义的实用价值,并显示了其广泛的应用前景.     

The saws of sawflies: exploring the morphology of the ovipositor in Tenthredinoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with emphasis on Nematinae

The variation in ovipositor sculpture and additional features of the ovipositor apparatus in Tenthredinoidea is explored. Two outgroups and 85 species of tenthredinoids were examined, the emphasis of the taxon sampling being on Nematinae. Twenty-four morphological characters where scored and the data set was analysed under different weighting conditions. The topologies derived from analysing the character set in TNT are poorly resolved and highly unstable when analytical settings are changed. Only a few clades, the Tenthredinoidea s. str., the Diprionidae, the Cimbicidae and the Argidae + Pergidae are consistently retrieved. The functional implications of the variation in ovipositor morphology within Tenthredinidae is discussed in relation to the qualities of the host plant, e.g. the hardness and the depth of penetration in plant tissue.     

Predatory behaviour in Deltochilum: convergent evolution or a primitive character within a clade?

We present data on predatory behaviour in Deltochilum cupreicolle viridescens, which belongs to the subgenus Aganhyboma, and we contrast it with the behaviour of a species from the subgenus Deltohyboma. By this comparison we can investigate whether the predatory behaviour in Deltochilum could have appeared independently in these two subgenera, or if the behaviour is so similar that it suggests a single origin in a possible ancestor exclusive to those two groups. These laboratory studies on the behaviour of Deltochilum c. viridescens individuals on diplopods are described and divided into the following stages: (1) approach and recognition of the diplopod; (2) attack and death of the prey; (3) on-site feeding; (4) transport of the diplopod. The results found here strengthen the hypothesis of a primitive and highly specialized behaviour within a possible clade formed by the predatory species of Diplopoda.     

针对无人潜航器的反潜策略研究

近年来无人潜航器对国家海洋国土安全带来的威胁逐渐增大,其低噪声特性和隐蔽入侵方式也给反潜行动带来极大困难。为此,提出了一种两阶段规划算法,用以学习优化反潜策略,在部署阶段,建立了基于不确定性马尔可夫决策过程的反潜资源分配模型,并设计了鲁棒性部署策略强化学习算法,用以求解不确定条件下分配模型的纳什均衡解。在搜索阶段,建立了基于部分可观察马尔可夫决策过程的搜潜模型,并设计了基于多智能体强化学习的搜潜策略学习算法。最后,通过仿真实验验证了本算法与比对算法相比具有更高的性能。     

基于D3D的三维游戏引擎的设计与实现

设计了一种基于Direct3D的三维游戏引擎的框架结构及各个模块的相互关系.并给出了纹理映射、加密解密、GUI的设计、和系统接口的实现方法.     

邻近区域旅游企业合作的博弈分析——以张家界和凤凰为例

分析邻近区域间旅游核心吸引物对旅游者的引力、旅游企业各自的市场份额、旅游市场容量和旅游者在旅游目的地之间作出选择的转换成本等因素影响的基础上,通过构建一个包含“防降价均衡”博弈来分析旅游企业的服务定价、合作决策,寻找存在合理的旅游服务定价,使旅游企业有动力开展合作,造就双赢局面.     

Pareto-Nash混合策略下小世界网络中创新扩散模型仿真分析

采用基于代理(Agent)的复杂系统仿真方法,从微观层面研究了技术创新在小世界网络中的扩散问题,分析了Nash和Pareto 2种不同规则对扩散过程和扩散终态的影响.结果表明:在一定的成本系数取值范围内,采用Pareto规则的Agent获得的收益值高于采用Nash规则;同时,随着成本系数k的变化,2种规则带来的收益曲线中存在转折点,其出现在k=3.7处.     

Spatial prisoner’s dilemma games with increasing size of the interaction neighborhood on regular lattices

We studied the evolution of cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma game on a square lattice where the size of the interaction neighborhood is considered. Firstly, the effects of noise and the cost-to-benefit ratio on the maintenance of cooperation were investigated. The results indicate that the cooperation frequency depends on the noise and cost-to-benefit ratio: cooperation reaches a climax as noise increases, but it monotonously decreases and even vanishes with the ratio increasing. Furthermore, we investigated how the size of the interaction neighborhood affects the emergence of cooperation in detail. Our study demonstrates that cooperation is remarkably enhanced by an increase in the size of the interaction neighborhood. However, cooperation died out when the size of the interaction neighborhood became too large since the system was similar to the mean-field system. On this basis, a cluster-forming mechanism acting among cooperators was also explored, and it showed that the moderate range of the neighborhood size is beneficial for forming larger cooperative clusters. Finally, large-scale Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to visualize and interpret these phenomena explicitly.     

重复模糊简约合作对策核心的特征

将简约对策模型和模糊简约模型进行了拓展,加入重复模糊对策理论,构建了重复模糊简约合作对策模型并研究了其核心的公理化特征.