利用反应烧结法制备多孔碳化物陶瓷

利用反应烧结的方法,通过甲烷碳化还原三种过渡金属氧化物( Cr2 O3、TiO2和WO3)压坯,制备了其相应的多孔形态的碳化物( Cr3 C2、TiC和WC)陶瓷。通过扫描电子显微镜观察检测,对反应烧结产物的表面和截面形貌进行了分析,并对这三种过渡金属碳化物的孔隙结构进行了初步的表征。通过物相分析研究了反应烧结的动力学过程,发现利用含体积分数10%甲烷的混合气体碳化还原制备多孔TiC和WC陶瓷的起始温度分别为1200℃和1000℃,低于这两个温度时发生其他相变,有其他中间产物生成。利用反应烧结的方法制备多孔Cr3 C2陶瓷时,反应烧结温度越高,碳化铬陶瓷的骨架和孔隙平均尺寸越大。     

Microstructure and high-temperature wear properties of in situ TiC composite coatings by plasma transferred arc surface alloying on gray cast iron

In this work, an in situ synthesized TiC-reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) coating of approximately 350–400μm thick-ness was fabricated on a gray cast iron (GCI) substrate by plasma transferred arc (PTA) surface alloying of Ti–Fe alloy powder. Microhard-ness tests showed that the surface hardness increased approximately four-fold after the alloying treatment. The microstructure of the MMC coating was mainly composed of residual austenite, acicular martensite, and eutectic ledeburite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analyzes revealed that the in situ TiC particles, which were formed by direct reaction of Ti with carbon originally contained in the GCI, was uniformly distributed at the boundary of residual austenite in the alloying zone. Pin-on-disc high-temperature wear tests were performed on samples both with and without the MMC coating at room temperature and at elevated temperatures (473 K and 623 K), and the wear behavior and mechanism were investigated. The results showed that, after the PTA alloying treatment, the wear resistance of the sam-ples improved significantly. On the basis of our analysis of the composite coatings by optical microscopy, SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and microhardness measurements, we attributed this improvement of wear resistance to the transformation of the microstruc-ture and to the presence of TiC particles.     

放电等离子烧结制备碳化硅块材及其高温导热性能研究

通过放电等离子烧结制备了碳化硅块材,分析了烧结温度、保温时间等对碳化硅块材的密度、物相组成、微观形貌和硬度的影响,并对其高温导热性能进行了测试.结果表明,当烧结温度为1800℃,保温时间为5min时,通过放电等离子烧结能够获得致密度为98%的碳化硅块材.与传统热压烧结相比,放电等离子烧结制备的碳化硅块材的热导率略低,其主要原因是放电等离子烧结的保温时间较短与烧结样品的致密度略低,且晶界结合性较差所导致.     

盾构切刀硬质合金与钢基体钎焊残余应力

针对盾构切刀容易出现焊接裂纹以及残余应力过大导致刀具切削时合金容易剥落的难题,建立了切刀钎焊热力耦合过程有限元分析模型,通过模拟计算和X射线衍射仪对残余应力进行试验验证,研究不同焊接结构切刀的钎焊温度场和残余应力场.研究结果表明,切刀刀头钎焊后冷却过程中温度场呈现梯度分布.当钎料厚度为0.25mm时,刀头应力危险区残余应力最小,160mm刃宽切刀的合金块数设计为3块可降低焊接残余应力、提高焊接强度.残余应力试验结果与数值模拟结果趋势基本吻合,钢基体表面为压应力.     

聚变堆面向等离子体SiC/Cu梯度材料的制备与评价

用超高压梯度烧结法制备出了成分分布从0－100％的接近理论密度的SiC/Cu聚变堆面向等离子体功能梯度材料,化学溅射实验表明其CD4产额与二次纯化石墨相比降低了80％,热解吸收气率约为石墨的10％,在398MW/m2的激光热冲击下,材料表现出现疲劳裂纹和化学分解现象,原位等离子体辐照结果显示陶瓷材料表面出现一定程度的溅射损伤。     

自结合碳化硅材料高温氧化行为研究

研究了气孔率为１１ ．５ ％ 的自结合碳化硅材料在１ ３００ ℃空气中的高温氧化行为．研究结果表明：氧化初期形成的非晶态ＳｉＯ２ 对材料中孔隙与裂纹尖端起钝化作用，造成材料室温强度随氧化时间的增加而增加．当氧化２２ ．５ ｈ 时，材料强度最高，达２９３ ＭＰａ；随着氧化时间的增加，非晶态ＳｉＯ２ 晶化形成方石英，以及冷却过程中引发的表面裂纹，造成材料室温强度的降低．表面裂纹的出现，使得自结合碳化硅的氧化增重动力学曲线符合对数规律     

Diffusion mechanism in molten salt baths during the production of carbide coatings via thermal reactive diffusion

The diffusion mechanism of carbide-forming elements from a molten salt bath to a substrate surface was studied in this research, with particular focus on the processes occurring in the molten bath at the time of coating. Metal, oxide, and metal-oxide baths were investigated, and the coating process was performed on H13 steel substrates. Scanning electron microscopy and electron-probe microanalysis were used to study the coated samples and the quenched salt bath. The thickness of the carbide coating layer was 6.5 ±0.5, 5.2 ±0.5, or 5.7 ±0.5 μm depending on whether it was deposited in a metal, oxide, or metal-oxide bath, respectively. The phase distribution of vanadium-rich regions was 63%, 57%, and 74% of the total coating deposited in metal, oxide, and metal-oxide baths, respectively. The results obtained using the metal bath indicated that undissolved suspended metal particles deposited onto the substrate surface. Then, carbon subsequently diffused to the substrate surface and reacted with the metal particles to form the carbides. In the oxide bath, oxide powders dissolved in the bath with or without binding to the oxidative structure (Na₂O) of borax; they were then reduced by aluminum and converted into metal particles. We concluded that, in the metal and oxide baths, the deposition of metal particles onto the sample surface is an important step in the formation of the coating.     

镍基碳化钨高温磨损特性的研究

本文用不同碳化钨含量的镍基自熔合金粉末喷焊层的试样,进行扫描电镜形貌观察和X光衍射分析,同时进行了高温磨粒磨损试验,试验结果发现粉末中碳化钨的含量对喷焊层的磨损特性及组织结构有重要的影响,其中以35%碳化钨喷焊层的高温耐磨性最佳.     

真空熔烧Co基合金-WC的复合涂层组织结构

用真空熔烧方法在钢表面上获得不同碳化钨含量的Ｃｏ基合金－ＷＣ复合涂层。用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜进行观察和分析后得出复合涂层的组织结构由 Ｃｏ基固溶体基体和在其中分布的硬质相所组成。用Ｘ射线衍射仪进行分析进一步确定了复合涂层的相结构。用ＥＤＸＡ分析给出了涂层中共晶的组织结构。在综合分析的基础上提出了真空熔烧过程的模型。     

WCp/Mn13表面复合材料的制备及其冲击磨损性能

为了克服高锰钢Mn13在中低应力条件下冲击磨损性能差的问题，利用离心铸造法制备了WCp／Mn13表面复合材料，通过扫描电镜、能谱、X射线衍射等手段研究了WC陶瓷颗粒与Mn13基体的界面结构，并用不同粒径的WC颗粒复合材料与高锰钢进行了冲击磨损对比试验．研究结果表明：WC与基体形成了一定厚度的扩散层，扩散层中有细小复合碳化物析出，WC与基体间的结合为冶金结合；小颗粒WC增强复合材料的抗冲击磨损性能优于高锰钢，而大颗粒WC增强的复合材料在冲击载荷较小时，抗冲击磨损性能优于高锰钢，当冲击载荷较大时，抗冲击磨损性能不如高锰钢，因此在冲击磨损工况下，应当选择颗粒尺寸适当的WC颗粒增强高锰钢．