20种中药提取物抑菌活性的筛选研究

以20种中药丙酮提取物为材料,测定了其对几种病菌的生物活性.结果表明,在供试质量浓度为0.05 g/mL时,肉桂提取物对所有供试菌菌丝生长抑制作用的抑制率均在95%以上,丹皮提取物对5种供试菌中的4种抑制率为100%,肉豆蔻、补骨脂、茜草、丹参和青蒿提取物对所有供试菌的抑制率均在60%以上.在供试质量浓度为0.1 g/mL时,小茴香、诃子和茜草提取物对棉花枯萎病菌的孢子萌发抑制率均为100%,肉桂、丹皮和黄连提取物对棉花枯萎病菌的孢子萌发抑制率均在90%以上,肉豆蔻、补骨脂和青蒿提取物对孢子萌发抑制率均在60%以上.肉桂和丹皮作为植物源杀菌剂值得进一步研究.     

北五味子不同方法提取物的功能活性研究

目的对比研究北五味子不同方法提取物的抗疲劳、抗氧化、镇静催眠活性作用.方法采用超临界CO2萃取法、乙醇回流提取法、热水提取法对北五味子进行三级提取;采用小鼠力竭游泳实验观察超临界油和醇提物的抗运动性疲劳作用,采用体外检测羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基实验观察醇提物和水提物的抗氧化作用,采用阈剂量戊巴比妥钠催眠实验观察水提物对小鼠的镇静催眠作用.结果北五味子超临界油、醇提物和水提物质量占比为21.67%,29.17%和31.5%.超临界油和醇提物均能延长小鼠运动时间,且超临界油延长时间长些;水提物和醇提物对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均具有抑制作用,且醇提物抑制能力强些;水提物能明显减少小鼠自主活动次数,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠只数,并缩短小鼠睡眠潜伏期,延长阈剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠时间.结论北五味子超临界油和醇提物具有抗疲劳活性,且超临界油强些;醇提物和水提物具有抗氧化活性,且醇提物强些;水提物具有镇静催眠活性.本实验对利用北五味子提取物研发五味子保健食品具有指导意义.     

银杏叶提取物药用价值的研究进展

近年来，银杏叶提取物的药用和临床治疗价值，推动了国内外医学界对它的深入研究。银杏叶随着化学检测手段及临床应用的深入研究，在银杏叶的制剂工艺、成分分析、药理作用、毒理实验和临床试验等方面国内外都有许多报道。银杏叶中含有各种黄酮苷和萜内酯等主要药效成分，对心脑血管和中枢神经系统有显著的保护作用，且安全范围大，已逐渐获得各国医学界的认可，有广阔的应用前景。文章主要综述国内外银杏叶提取物的药理学研究进展。     

入侵植物小花山桃草的化感作用研究

用生物检测方法分别检测小花山桃草地上器官和地下器官不同浓度的水浸出液对矮牵牛、狗尾草和牛筋草3种杂草种子的发芽势和发芽率的影响,旨在研究小花山桃草是否存在化感作用.结果表明:①小花山桃草地上器官和地下器官水浸出液对供试种子萌发都有一定的抑制作用,其中对矮牵牛种子的抑制作用最强;②所有的水浸出液对发芽势的影响比对发芽率的影响显著;③不同器官的水浸出液抑制强度大小依次为地上器官>地下器官;④同一器官不同浓度的抑制强度不同,其趋势为高浓度>低浓度.     

Corticosteroid effects on cholinergic enzymes in ethanol-treated fetal brain cell cultures

Summary In the presence of ethanol, corticosterone and dexamethasone inhibit choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in cultured fetal brain cells of the rat. These results suggest that corticosteroids may have an important influence on the activity of cholinergic enzymes in the fetal brain and may antagonize the effects of ethanol in this setting.     

BZSM—5分子筛催化乙醇脱水制乙醚

对ＺＳＭ－５原粉用硼酸进行改性后，考察其催化乙醇脱水转化成乙醚的催化反应性能，实验结果表明，经过不同的改性制得的催化剂，对于乙醇的转化率和乙醚的选择性都有较大的影响。文中还探讨了反应温度，空速，乙醇浓度等对催化性能的影响。     

LIGNIN ADSORPTION AND KAPPA NUMBER IN ETHANOL PULPING

INTRODUCTIONIt was reported that organic-solvent pulping process emerged in 1893,and then kleirert, proved that the lignin delignfied in the cooking was soluble in the ethanol water (EW) more than in the ethanol only, obtained a correlative patent in 1932.Diebold who worked in Paper association of Canada prompted the process, and pronounced a patent in the 1978[1-2]. In addition, non-wood fiber material occupies a much higher proportion to the material used in papermaking of china, so lo…     

The AA and ANA rat lines,selected for differences in voluntary alcohol consumption

Summary The offspring of rats that voluntarily select larger quantities of alcohol are heavier consumers of alcohol than the offspring of rats that tend to avoid it. Such selective breeding, repeated over many generations, was used to develop the AA (Alko, Alcohol) line of rats which prefer 10% alcohol to water, and the ANA (Alko, Non-Alcohol) line of rats which choose water to the virtual exclusion of alcohol. In addition to demonstrating the likely role of genetic factors in alcohol consumption, these lines have been used to find behavioral, metabolic, and neurochemical correlates of differential alcohol intake. Some of the line differences that have been found involve the reinforcing effects of ethanol, the changes in consumption produced by alcohol deprivation and nutritional factors, the behavioral and adrenal monoamine reactions to mild stress, the development of tolerance, the accumulation of acetaldehyde during ethanol metabolism, and the brain levels of serotonin. It is hoped that these studies will lead to a better understanding of the genetically-determined mechanisms that influence the selection of alcohol.     

HPLC法测定重楼块根中4种重楼皂苷含量研究

建立HPLC测定重楼块根中4种重楼皂苷含量的方法。结果表明:重楼皂苷Ⅰ质量浓度在0.054~0.540 mg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 6 (n=5),回收率为99.12%,RSD为1.95%;重楼皂苷Ⅱ质量浓度在0.043 4~0.434 mg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.990 8 (n=5),回收率为99.10%,RSD为1.89%;重楼皂苷Ⅵ质量浓度在0.012 6~0.126 mg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.993 3 (n=5),回收率为99.46%,RSD为2.01%;重楼皂苷Ⅶ质量浓度在0.010 3~0.103 mg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 1 (n=5),回收率为96.52%,RSD为2.25%。HPLC法能够准确检测出重楼块根的主要皂苷成分及其含量,且操作简便,可为重楼中4种主要皂苷含量的检测提供科学方法。