密花美登木叶化学成分研究

运用正相硅胶柱层析、MCI柱层析和半制备高效液相色谱分离了纯化密花美登木叶的化学成分,并采用NMR谱学和质谱技术鉴定了其结构.结果表明:从密花美登木叶中分离得到了5个化合物,分别鉴定为海棠果醇(1)、木栓酮(2)、山奈酚(3)、山奈苷(4)、胡萝卜苷(5),其中化合物2⁵为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

多指标综合评分法正交试验优选红芽姜制半夏的炮制工艺

目的优选红芽姜制半夏的最佳炮制工艺。方法采用L9(34)正交试验法,选择红芽姜用量、白矾用量和煮制时间3个因素,以红芽姜制半夏中有机酸含量、6-姜酚含量以及白矾残留量作为考察指标,综合评分法优选红芽姜制半夏炮制工艺。结果红芽姜用量为主要影响因素,白矾用量和炮制时间影响不显著。优选出的红芽姜制半夏最佳炮制工艺为:每100 g净半夏,加入红芽姜30 g,白矾15 g,炮制时间为4 h。结论优选的炮制工艺稳定、可靠,产品质量高,可应用于红芽姜制半夏的实际生产。     

温州薯蓣贮藏期间生理生化指标的变化

对浙江瑞安真薯贮藏期间含水量、电导率和紫外吸收值、褐变度、总酚含量、PPO、POD、SOD活性和MDA含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明：随着贮藏时间的延长,浙江瑞安真薯含水量下降,电导率和紫外吸收值增大,褐变度、总酚含量和MDA含量不断增加,PPO、POD和SOD活性先升后降．     

Genetic diversity, geographic differentiation and evolutionary relationship among ecotypes of Glycine max and G. soja in China

The knowledge of origin and evolution of cultivated soybeans is one of the basic issues in both biology and agronomy of the crop. In order to investigate the nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic diversity, geographic differentiation and genetic relationship among geographic ecotypes of cultivated （Glycine max） and wild （G. soja） soybeans, the allelic profiles at 60 nuclear simple-sequence repeat （nuSSR） loci and 11 chloroplastic SSR （cpSSR） loci evenly distributed on whole genome of 393 landraces and 196 wild accessions from nation-wide growing areas in China were analyzed. （i） The genetic diversity of the wild soybean was obviously larger than that of the cultivated soybean, with their nuSSR and cpSSR alleles as 1067 vs. 980 and 57 vs 44, respectively. Of the 980 nuclear alleles detected in the cultivated soybean, 377 new ones （38.5%） emerged, while of the 44 chloroplastic alleles in the cultivated soybean, seven new ones （15.9%） emerged after domestication. （ii） Among the cultivated geographic ecotypes, those from southern China, including South-Central China, Southwest China and South China possessed relatively great genetic diversity than those from northern China, while among the wild geographic ecotypes, the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype showed the highest genetic diversity. （iii） The analysis of molecular variance, association analysis between geographic grouping and molecular marker clustering and analysis of specific-present alleles of ecotypes demonstrated that the geographic differentiation of both cultivated and wild soybeans associated with their genetic differentiation, or in other words, had their relevant genetic bases. （iv） The cluster analysis of all accessions clearly showed that the wild accessions from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys and South-Central ＆ Southwest China had relatively small genetic distances with all cultivated accessions. The UPGMA dendrogram among geographic ecotypes further showed that the genetic distances between all cultivated ecotypes and the Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys wild ecotype were smaller than those with other wild ones, including their local wild counterparts. Therefore, it is inferred that the wild ancestors in southern China, especially those from Middle and Lower Changjiang Valleys might be the common ancestor of all the cultivated soybeans.     

河北桔梗科植物新记录——牧根草属

经野外调查和标本采集与鉴定,牧根草(Asyneuma japonicum)在河北省老岭自然保护区有天然分布,牧草属(Asyneuma Griseb．et Schenk)为河北省桔梗科植物分布新记录。     

长鳍吻鮈消化系统组织学初步研究

长鳍吻鮈消化道由口咽腔、食道、肠和肛门几部分组成,食道粗短,肠较长,在活体内呈"N"形盘旋状;消化腺分为肝脏和胰腺,肝脏暗褐色,分被、腹两叶,胰为弥漫型,分布于口咽、食道肠壁和肝脏内,肉眼不可分辨;食道上皮为复层上皮,而肠上皮为单层柱状上皮,少量杯状细胞分布于食道、肠前段、肠中段上皮细胞之间,肠后段杯状细胞丰富;消化道肌肉层分2层,内层为环肌,外层为纵肌。肌肉层从肠前段到肠后段逐渐加厚;肝小叶不明显,肝细胞呈卵圆形或多角形。     

柑桔白癞病病原研究

1996～1998年对常德、沅江及本校农场的温洲蜜柑、建柑、酸橙、甜橙、金香柚的白癞病病果进行分离、接种和再分离,证实柑桔白癞病病原为:柑桔炭疽刺盘孢菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.;柑桔蒂腐菌Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.(原名Diplo-dia natalensis Pole- Evans);柑桔黑腐交链饱霉 Alternaria citri EII.et Pierce。3种病原真菌可以单独或混合侵染。     

A new damsel-dragonfly from the Mesozoic of China with a hook-like male anal angle (Odonata: Isophlebioptera: Campterophlebiidae)

A new genus and species of campterophlebiid dragonfly, Angustiphlebia mirabilis gen. nov. et sp. nov., is described from the Jiulongshan Formation in China. It has some remarkable venational structures, i.e. a hypertrophy of the male hind wing anal angle, a quite long gaff, and a secondary branch of the anal anterior near subdiscoidal cell in hind wing, supporting the hypothesis of a sister-group relationship with the genus Oreophlebia. These new data will help to solve the phylogenetic relationships within the Campterophlebiidae. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:16E602E6-3567-44D7-BF64-95A6597E55DE     

中药四叶参中的氨基酸分析

用氨基酸分析仪分析中药四叶参(Codonopsis lanceolata Benth.et Hk.F)的氨基酸成分,并比较四叶参中水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量。结果是,四叶参中鉴定出16种氨基酸成分,水解氨基酸总量为5.70%,游离氨基酸总量为4.17%。四叶参中含有16种氨基酸,结合状态和游离状态存在的氨基酸差异不大。     

粗壮女娄菜的染色体数目和核型分析

本文对粗壮女娄菜(Silene firmaSieb.et Zucc.)的染色体进行了研究,结查显示,染色体数目为2n=46,核型公式为K(2n)=2x=46=32m 14sm,相对长度组成为2n=46=2L 22M2 16M1 6S,核型为“2A”型。