悬浮填料生物反应器石化废水生物硝化研究

采用自行研制的悬浮填料生物反应器中试装置对石油化工废水进行处理.通过6、8、10和12h四个不同水力停留时间的硝化过程取得了不同运行条件下的氨氮去除效果.结果表明,悬浮填料生物反应器完全可以达到生物硝化的目的.当进水中BOD     

超声技术在焦化废水处理中的应用与研究进展

超声技术作为一种新型的氧化方法,能提高难降解有机物的降解率和增强水处理中的可生化性,在焦化废水处理中已经发挥了一定的作用并有广阔的发展前景。介绍了焦化废水的性质及成分以及超声空化降解难生物降解有机废水的机理和主要影响因素对降解焦化废水中污染物的影响及其机理,并综述了超声技术在焦化废水处理中的应用与研究进展。     

硫酸盐废水生物处理的影响因素

阐述了SRB的代谢机理和影响因素,详细介绍了硫酸盐废水的厌氧微生物处理技术。     

MBBR反应器处理制革废水的氨氮去除机理

通过移动床生物膜反应器试验装置,研究该工艺对综合制革废水中氨氮的处理效果及去除机理。试验结果表明：氨氮去除率随填着填料填充率增加而降低。当填料填充率为40%,填井表面氨氮承受负荷为0．1—0．8g/（m^2·d）时,氨氮去除率为85％-95％,出水氨氮浓度为35～75mg／l。单靠降低负荷已无法进一步改善出水水质,但通过补充进水碱度、降低进水碳氮比、提高水温等一系列措施,可使反应器出水氨氮由降低至9-14mg／l.     

One-step disposal of Cr (Ⅵ)-bearing wastewater by natural pyrrhotite

Cr(VI)-bearing wastewater can be treated by natural pyrrhotite which is used for reductant to reduce Cr(VI) and precipitant to precipitate Cr(III) simultaneously. The disposal products can be divided into three parts in the beakers, namely supernatant in the upper part, the yellowish colloidal precipitates in the middle part and the pyrrhotite in the lower part. The content of total Cr=Cr(VI)+Cr(III) in the supernatant liquid is 0.06 mg/L, which is lower than 1.5 mg/L of the discharge standard of China and near to 0.05 mg/L of the standard of potable water. This one-step disposal composing of both reduction and precipitation which is traditionally divided into two independent steps called reducing technology and precipitating technology respectively. The new method is of obvious economic advantage and favourable to decreasing surplus mud derived from adding Ca(OH)₂ to precipitate Cr(III) traditionally so as to avoid recontamination. In fact, sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) used in disposal of Cr(VI) was traditionally produced from natural mineral of pyrrhotite (FeS). One molecule of FeS is 4 times more than that of Na₂SO₃ from a view point of rational use of mineral resources. Therefore the prospective of application of the one-step disposal of Cr(VI) method is full of promise.     

电解染料废水中电极配置的研究

在电解法处理染料废水中对不同的电极配置做了研究，分别对6类染料废水进行了处理实验，实验结果表明：在本实验装置电解染料废水中，15mm阴阳极间距的8目（64孔／mm^2)铁网电极对染料废水的色度和COD（化学需氧量）去除效果较好，而且能耗不大，经过6min实验，色度去除率达95％以上，COD去除率达80％以上。     

含烃废水中硫化物生物氧化的影响因素

采用填充聚氨酯(FPUFS)载体的上流式生物氧化反应器处理含烃废水中的硫化物,考察了曝气量、水力停留时间(HRT)、进水硫化物浓度、pH值和进水石油烃浓度对硫化物生物氧化的影响。结果表明,在曝气量为300mL/min,HRT为90min,进水硫化物浓度<300mg/L,pH值为6.1～7.8的条件下,硫化物去除率在80%以上。在试验考察的石油烃浓度范围内,反应器对总有机碳(TOC)没有明显的去除效果,石油烃对硫化物去除率的影响不超过5%,但硫酸根转化率随石油烃浓度的增加显著下降。     

长庆油田庆二联采油污水回注处理研究

为了提高庆二联采油污水回注效率,并确保其达标回注,针对其含油量、悬浮物、硫化物、细菌含量高的特点,应用化学氧化/絮凝处理方法,通过对pH值、除硫剂种类及加药量、无机絮凝剂和有机絮凝剂种类、加药量及加药时间间隔的优选,对采出水进行了回注处理研究.结果表明:当pH值为7.5、除硫剂质量浓度为60mg/L、无机絮凝剂质量浓度为100mg/L、有机絮凝剂质量浓度为1.5mg/L、加药时间间隔为30s时,处理后水悬浮物质量浓度和含油质量浓度分别为1.98mg/L和4.65mg/L,平均腐蚀速率和细菌含量分别为0.0128mm/a和101个/mL,达到油田回注水的水质标准.     

Pilot Scale Test to Treat High Concentration Gasification Wastewater Using Catalytic Oxidation and Aerobic Biological Fluid-Bed Combination Process

The gasification wastewater is a kind of typical organic industrial wastewater with high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonia nitrogen, which could not be completely degraded by the traditional physical, chemical and biological method. So it is very important to find an effective treatment process. A combination process of catalytic oxidation with noble metal catalysts and aerobic biological fluid-bed packed with the new ultrastructure biological carriers, which was developed by ourselves, was investigated to treat the gasification wastewater. The pilot scale test with 0.5 m^3/h influent flow was carried out to investigate the performance of this new combination process. The results showed that the effluent COD was 84.02 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen was 14.15 mg/L, and total phenol was 0.20 mg/L, which could completely meet the Grade I of Wastewater Discharge Standard （GB8978-1996）, when the influent average COD was 5 564 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen was 237 mg/L, and total phenol was 1 100 mg/L. The two catalytic reactors could evidently improve the wastewater biodegradability, and the value of BOD5/COD （B/C） increased from 0.23 to 0.413 in the one-stage catalytic reactor and from 0. 273 to 0.421 in two-stage catalytic reactor. The further experiment results showed that the effluent quality of this new combination process could still meet the discharge standard, when the COD loading was 8.65 kg / （m^3· d）. Most of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds were degraded effectively in this combination process.     

油田采出水的改性回注处理工艺研究

针对安塞油田采出水偏酸性、浊度高、含油量高的特征,采用"中和—H2O2氧化—絮凝—过滤"处理工艺进行回注处理,探讨了采出水的pH值、H2O2和絮凝剂投加量等因素对采出水水质改性处理效果的影响.结果表明:以NaOH作为pH调节剂将采出废水pH值调至7.5,H2O2投加体积分数为0.6%,投加XN-90、PAM的质量浓度分别为80mg/L和2.5 mg/L时,处理后采出水的悬浮物、含油量、总铁含量、静态平均腐蚀速率、SRB及TGB含量由处理前的110～145 mg/L,96.6～124.3mg/L,24.8～35.5mg/L,0.310 3mm/a,105～106个/mL和102～103个/mL分别降至处理后的1.1～6.0mg/L,2.5～6.0mg/L,0.05～0.23mg/L,0.0108mm/a和101～102个/mL,处理后采出水的各项指标达到了安塞油田注水水质标准.