配电网线损计算中等效容量法的局限及改进

通过配电网线损计算中等值电阻法的分析研究,指出当存在小电源并使馈线首端出现功率倒送或功率方向动态改变时,用传统的等效容量法处理小电源会导致很大的线损计算误差.针对这一局限,提出了改进方法,即不再基于日均方根电流使用单一等值电阻,而把1天分为功率方向不变的若干时段(如24 h),分别计算出各时段的等值电阻和电能损耗,再叠加各时段的电能损耗可得出1天的总损耗.经算例计算证明改进方法对提高计算精度十分有效.     

Using 137Cs tracing technique to estimate wind erosion rates in the typical steppe region,northern Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using ^137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km^-2.a^-1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm. a^-1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t· km^-2. a^-1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not induce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.     

含风电场电力系统电压波动的随机潮流计算与分析

提出了用随机潮流计算分析风电场并网所引起的系统电压波动的方法.该方法全面考虑了风电场出力变化、负荷波动、发电机停运以及线路故障等随机因素,通过随机潮流计算求出风电场并网后系统各节点电压的概率分布,其中特别包括风电场接入点的电压波动情况.在此基础上,该方法可以对风电场的无功补偿进行进一步分析.此外还证明了用三参数的Weibull分布描述风速变化可以更好地反映高风速对风电机组输出功率的影响,对于常年风速较高的风电场更适合采用此分布描述.对接有风电场的IEEE RTS 24节点系统进行的算例分析证明了该方法的有效性,并通过实例说明了如何利用该方法指导对异步风力发电机的无功补偿.     

Large Scale Finite Element Modeling,Simulation and Visualization for Wind Flows in Urban Area Using Virtual Reality

A large-scale finite element modeling, simulation and visualization for wind flows are presented. The modeling method using GIS/CAD data is employed. The stabilized parallel finite element method based on SUPG/PSPG method is employed for the analysis of wind flows. The present method is applied to the simulation of wind flow and contaminant spread in urban area. The visualization based on virtual reality is employed to evaluate the mesh quality and computational results. The computed results are qualitatively in agreement with the experimental results and actual phenomena. The present method is shown to be a useful tool to simulate the wind flows in urban area.     

随机粗糙度与粗相等

在基于随机集的粗糙上近似、粗糙下近似的概念及其简单性质的基础上,定义了随机近似空间上的粗糙度、基于随机集的粗糙集的上粗相等、下粗相等、粗相等、随机粗糙集类和随机粗糙近似空间的概念,并且得出了随机粗糙近似算子的一系列性质、随机粗糙集类和随机粗糙近似空间的一一对应关系等重要的结论。     

人工砂中含泥当量与石粉当量的定量测定与控制指标

本研究引入了含泥当量、石粉当量以及粉体含量的概念,补充完善了亚甲蓝MB值法,将人工砂中粉体的组分测定由主要是泥土或石粉的定性测定改进为含泥当量和石粉当量的定量测定,对不同强度等级的混凝土用砂,分别控制MB值、含泥当量和粉体含量,有效控制了有害组分,扩大了有益组分石粉的利用范围。     

外贸英语实践教学模式的探索与实践

通过分析高职外贸英语实践教学的目标,结合实际操作,提出构建以行动学习理论为指导的外贸英语一体化课程,实现理论与实践、校内实训与校外实习相结合的实践教学模式,培养能满足社会需求的外贸英语复合型人才。     

等鞅测度下的供应链期权合同平价

研究供应链期权合同间的关系,通过引入资产定价的"鞅"方法,借助测度理论,以供应链达到协调为前提,分析看涨、看跌期权合同的关系,得到等鞅测度下供应链看涨-看跌期权合同平价公式及相关结论,该结论可以为供应链合同选择以及合同组合定价提供新思路.     

STUDY ON PRODUCTIVITY OF HORIZONTAL WELLS WITH SEGMENTAL PERFORATION BASED ON PSEUDO STEADY-STATE FLOW

Segmental perforation is widely used for horizontal wells. However, the flow of fluid in porous media is a complex problem. Using the Fourier transform, principle of potential superposition, trigonometric function transform, asymptotic analyses, a pressure solution of a pseudo steady-state flow model in 3D circular-boxed media has been established. Comparing with the productivity of vertical wells, an equivalence radius model can be obtained. Based on the model, a method of evaluating the productivity of segmental perforation horizontal well is presented by means of principle of superposition. It shows that the equivalence radius is different for various positions of horizontal wells; the output of both ends of horizontal wells is greater than the others under the same length of perforation interval; it is more important to obtain high productivity by increasing the length of perforation interval than enlarging the spacing between perforation intervals. The result of this research can be used to ascertain the yield of each perforated interval.     

电压门控钠离子通道:律动生命乐章的主音符

生命个体传递神经冲动时扩布的电位变化过程以动作电位发放形式为特质表征.电压门控钠离子通道 (voltage-gated sodium channels,VGSCs)是形成动作电位的核心蛋白构件,在细胞的电兴奋产生和律动中起主角作用.VGSCs决定神经元细胞的兴奋性以及从突触输入到轴突输出的信号传导过程.VGSCs也是众...