Early Pleistocene formation of the asymmetric east-west pattern of upper water structure in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

Surface-and subsurface-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from the upper 43 m of Hole A at the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 807,which was recovered from the western Pacific warm pool during ODP Leg 130,were analyzed for stable oxygen and carbon isotopes.By comparing these results with data from ODP Site 851 in the eastern equatorial Pacific,this study has reconstructed the paleoceanographic changes in upper ocean waters in the equatorial Pacific since 2.5 Ma.During the period from 1.6-1.4 Ma,the oxygen isotopes of surface and subsurface waters were found to markedly change in the western and eastern equatorial Pacific,further confirming the final formation of the well-defined asymmetric east-west (E-W) pattern at that time.This feature was similar to the zonal temperature gradient (sea surface temperature is higher in the west and lower in the east) and the asymmetric upper water structure (thermocline depth is deeper in the west and shallower in the east) in the modern equatorial Pacific.The zonal gradient change of subsurface water δ18O was greater than that of surface water δ18O,indicating that the formation of the asymmetric E-W pattern in the equatorial Pacific should be much more related to the shoaled thermocline and markedly decreased subsurface water temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific.Moreover,since ～1.6 Ma,the carbon isotopic differences between surface and subsurface waters clearly decreased in the equatorial Pacific,and their long-term eccentricity periods changed from 400 ka to ～500 ka,reflecting the reorganization of the ocean carbon reservoir.This probably resulted from the deep water reorganization in the Southern Ocean at that time and its enhanced influence on the tropical Pacific (especially subsurface water).Our study demonstrates that the tropical ocean plays an important role in global climate change.     

Ionospheric structure in the region of East-Asian equatorial anomaly reconstructed by tomography

A chain of low latitudinal ionospheric tomography along 120°E meridian has been operating since 1993. This chain is composed of six stations from Shanghai to Manila receiving signals from the transit NNSS satellites. In this paper several reconstruction examples are presented, which give the 2-D imaging of electron density distribution obtained from the observed TEC data by means of computerized tomography technique. In reconstruction process a multi-station method was used to determine the unknown phase offset. To overcome the limitation of incomplete projection data, a technique of backprojection in combination with a normalized ionospheric model was introduced to obtain the initial guess of electron density distribution. The results demonstrate that ionospheric tomographic technology is very useful and effective to investigate the equatorial and low-latitudinal ionospheric structures and dynamics. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, of China & the Science Fourdation of State Education Committee of China Xu Jisheng: born in Nov. 1946, Professor     

海洋垂直混合系数对大洋环流影响的敏感性研究

利用美国地球流体实验室的Modular Ocean Model（MOM4）模式构建了一组全球实际大洋环流实验,以检验海洋环流形势及温度结构对海洋垂直混合系数的敏感性,并仔细分析了各实验中温度方程中各项的变化,讨论了垂直混合系数改变对海洋环流形势影响的物理机制。实验结果表明,海洋垂直混合系数对海温的空间分布和海洋流场结构都有很大影响,这种影响在赤道温跃层附近表现得最为明显。这说明大洋环流对垂直混合强度的变化是相当敏感的。一般来说,在混合系数取值大的实验中大洋中上层温度的垂直和水平梯度都较小,相应的南北赤道流强度较强,赤道潜流和南北赤道逆流强度较弱,在混合系数取值小的实验中大洋中上层的温度梯度较大,此时南北赤道流强度较弱,赤道潜流和南北赤道逆流强度较强,赤道流系的各分支在范围上也有相应变化。     

西汉夏侯灶墓出土天文仪器新探

安徽阜阳西汉汝阴侯夏侯灶墓中出土有一件不知名漆器,功能不明。经分析,该器物带有测定春秋分和冬夏至正午影长的功能,是迄今所见的我国历史上最早的圭表实物。另外,学界对该墓出土二十八宿盘的功能争论不决。经研究,同墓出土的栻盘架可以把该盘支撑到赤道面内,从而形成迄今所见最早且具有确定年代的赤道式观测仪器。     

不同坐标系中超高能γ点源的研究

本文利用中日合作羊八井宇宙线观测实验自１９９０年６月到１９９２年１月的数据，对著名侯选源ＨｅｒＸ－１进行广详细的分析；在传统的分析方法上（赤纬带内统计），提出在地平坐标系中分析数据，结果表明，在地平坐标系中所得的统计显著性较传统的分析方法所得要低，同时给出了ＨｅｒＸ－１的流强上限，讨论了采用地平坐标系的合理性，并且指出，对本底区数据的分析有助于统计显著性的正确报道     

块体理论及其应用实例研究

本文介绍一种岩体稳定性分析的新方法──块体理论法，并结合具体矿山的采场稳定性进行试验验证，结果有效．     

反向赤道电集流与极盖驱动势

一般认为反向赤道电集流是一种“非”常态现象，其起因可能是潮汐风波模的特殊组合，或赤道上空局地垂直风切或重力波的作用结果，本文表明，在中性大气和水平风经验模式给出的磁静日中低纬平均条件下，ＣＥＪ应“正常”地出现。磁层－电离层耦合产生的极盖区边界驱动势（或对流电场）同昌ＣＥＪ消失的可能机制。     

西北太平洋西边界流系源区的数值模拟研究

采用POM模式对2005年西北太平洋西边界流系源区进行了数值模拟.针对该海区海表热通量与POM模式匹配困难的问题,在模拟过程中,分别采用由同化AMSR卫星资料插值得到的日平均海表温度场以及由NCEP资料得到的海表净热通量与长、短波辐射通量两种方案来进行海表热强迫.通过与SODA资料的分析结果对比,POM模式模拟结果较好地显示出北赤道流,黑潮源区及棉兰老海流的基本特征,两处断面流速与实际探测资料较为吻合;高度场模拟结果与实况较为一致,但0.9m水位高度线范围呈缩小-放大-缩小-放大的季节性震荡与实况中维持稳定存在一定差异;海温模拟结果与月平均的SODA资料总体一致,但在春夏两季温度略高.