羊柴根瘤中ATP酶活性的超微结构定位

作者用透射电镜,观察了羊柴根瘤中宿主的细胞和细菌在发育中ＡＴＰ水解酶的分布及变化。结果表明,ＡＴＰ水解酶活性反应的磷酸铅沉淀粒,分布于宿主细胞壁外表面,质膜,胞间隙,细胞质,细菌周膜和拟菌体等部位,尤其在胞间隙中有大量的ＡＴＰ水解酶并有泡状分泌物。     

芽孢杆菌超氧化物歧化酶的热和pH稳定性研究

研究了从蜡质芽孢杆菌（Bacilluscereus）中提取的Fe－SOD纯酶的热和pH稳定性。结果表明,在25℃、35℃下保温20～95min酶活略出现增高,45℃保温50min和80min,其酶活分别为原酶的81．0％和70．0％;pH为6～10时酶活稳定,还讨论了该酶与其他微生物来源的Fe－SOD在这两种生化特性方面比较所表现出来的优势,显示了该酶的稳定性在生产和应用过程中将具有重要价值。     

使用微量量热法研究药物对细胞的抑制与保护作用

目前癌症已成为人类三大死亡原因之一 ,给人类生命带来极大的威胁 .攻克癌症是医学界、生物学界共同致力的目标 ,弄清癌细胞的生长代谢规律是一切抗癌研究工作的出发点 .由于体外培养细胞对生长环境非常敏感 ,生长环境的细微变化就会引起细胞生长状态的显著变化[1] ,所以体外培养细胞所需的生长条件非常严格 .现时国内在细胞生长过程中的热谱图测量方面的研究工作还很少 .我们在研究细胞培养的基础上 ,对细胞的生长热谱曲线进行了测量 ,从热化学角度研究了银杏黄酮的抗氧化作用和化疗药物卡铂的抑癌作用 .1　实验部分1 .1　仪器与实验材料采…     

应用比浊法测定凝血酶样酶活性

传统常用目测法观察血浆凝固时间来测定凝血酶样酶的活性,因无法微观地检测凝固过程的起始而导致灵敏度低．应用比浊法检测凝血酶样酶活性,以东菱克栓酶为标准凝血酶样酶,在血浆凝固过程中,浊度随时间基本呈直线变化直至浊度变化最终趋于恒定,表明此时血浆已完全凝固．酶活与浊度一时间变化曲线的直线斜率之间存在严格的线性关系．线性范围为０．０５～０．６５ｕ／ｍＬ．结果表明,比浊法是一种改进的凝血酶样酶测活方法．     

Therapeutic strategies to ameliorate lysosomal storage disorders – a focus on Gaucher disease

The lysosomal storage disorders encompass more than 40 distinct diseases, most of which are caused by the deficient activity of a lysosomal hydrolase leading to the progressive, intralysosomal accumulation of substrates such as sphingolipids, mucopolysaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Here, we primarily focus on Gaucher disease, one of the most prevalent lysosomal storage disorders, which is caused by an impaired activity of glucocerebrosidase, resulting in the accumulation of the glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide in the lysosomes. Enzyme replacement and substrate reduction therapies have proven effective for Gaucher disease cases without central nervous system involvement. We discuss the promise of chemical chaperone therapy to complement established therapeutic strategies for Gaucher disease. Chemical chaperones are small molecules that bind to the active site of glucocerebrosidase variants stabilizing their threedimensional structure in the endoplasmic reticulum, likely preventing their endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and allowing their proper trafficking to the lysosome where they can degrade accumulated substrate to effectively ameliorate Gaucher disease. Received 22 September 2005; received after revision 15 December 2006; accepted 2 February 2006     

胆碱对黄鳝消化酶活性的影响

研究了饲料中添加不同胆碱量对黄鳝消化系统内4种消化酶—蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性的影响．结果表明：黄鳝摄食不同胆碱量的饲料,其肝脏、胃和肠道等消化器官的蛋白质酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性均存在变化,随着胆碱量的增加,此4种消化酶的活性均呈上升的趋势,且当添加量达到0．8％以上时,其活性增加显著．饲料中添加适宜的胆碱可提高黄鳝对饲料的消化能力．     

全球气候变化背景下的森林土壤酶研究进展

以CO2浓度增加和温度升高为主要特征的全球气候变化正在深刻地改变着陆地生态系统的结构、功能和过程,因而受到科学家们的普遍关注。而土壤酶作为土壤质量的重要生物学指标,不仅可以监控生态系统的变化,还可以提供给资源管理者和政策制定者作为战略和方法制定的科学依据。但目前针对全球气候变化对土壤酶影响的研究还相对薄弱。本文对国内外关于气候变化对土壤酶活性研究的作了概括,并指出了目前研究中存在的不足及展望。     

The Penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein PAF, a promising tool for the development of new antifungal therapies and fungal cell biology studies

In recent years the interest in antimicrobial proteins and peptides and their mode of action has been rapidly increasing due to their potential to prevent and combat microbial infections in all areas of life. A detailed knowledge about the function of such proteins is the most important requirement to consider them for future application. Our research in recent years has been focused on the low molecular weight, cysteine-rich and cationic antifungal protein PAF from Penicillium chrysogenum, which inhibits the growth of opportunistic zoo-pathogens including Aspergillus fumigatus, numerous plant-pathogenic fungi and the model organism Aspergillus nidulans. So far, the experimental results indicate that PAF elicits hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane and the activation of ion channels, followed by an increase in reactive oxygen species in the cell and the induction of an apoptosis-like phenotype. Detailed knowledge about the molecular mechanism of action of antifungal proteins such as PAF contributes to the development of new antimicrobial strategies that are urgently needed. Received 09 August 2007; received after revision 17 September 2007; accepted 19 September 2007     

Evolution of the arginase fold and functional diversity

Novel structural superfamilies can be identified among the large number of protein structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank based on conservation of fold in addition to conservation of amino acid sequence. Since sequence diverges more rapidly than fold in protein Evolution, proteins with little or no significant sequence identity are occasionally observed to adopt similar folds, thereby reflecting unanticipated evolutionary relationships. Here, we review the unique alpha/beta fold first observed in the manganese metalloenzyme rat liver arginase, consisting of a parallel eight-stranded beta-sheet surrounded by several helices, and its evolutionary relationship with the zinc-requiring and/or iron-requiring histone deacetylases and acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases. Structural comparisons reveal key features of the core alpha/beta fold that contribute to the divergent metal ion specificity and stoichiometry required for the chemical and biological functions of these enzymes.     

Type-2 copper-containing enzymes

Type-2 Cu sites are found in all the major branches of life and are often involved in the catalysis of oxygen species. Four type-2 Cu protein families are selected as model systems for review: amine oxidases, Cu monooxygenases, nitrite reductase/multicopper oxidase, and CuZn superoxide dismutase. For each model protein, the availability of multiple crystal structures and detailed enzymological studies provides a detailed molecular view of the type-2 Cu site and delineation of the mechanistic role of the Cu in biological function. Comparison of these model proteins leads to the identification of common properties of the Cu sites and insight into the evolution of the trinuclear active site found in multicopper oxidases. Received 6 July 2007; accepted 18 July 2007