酸性木聚糖酶产生菌XYW5的筛选及酶学性质

【目的】选育优良的产酸性木聚糖酶的微生物,考察酸性木聚糖酶的酶学性质(尤其是pH值为4.0),为实现纤维素乙醇低成本清洁生产打下基础。【方法】从广西大学农场采集土壤,富集后经产酸性木聚糖酶的培养,比较酸性木聚糖酶酶活力,选育酸性木聚糖酶高产菌株,鉴定菌种,分析酶学性质。【结果】筛选出产酸性木聚糖酶酶活力较高的菌株XYW5。扩增菌株XYW5的ITS rDNA序列,经测序分析比对,将其初步鉴定为日本曲霉Aspergillus japonicus XYW5。菌株XYW5产酸性木聚糖酶和酸性木糖苷酶的酶活力最高分别达(26. 26±0. 97)U/mL和(0.63±0.02) U/mL,比活力分别为(85.50±0.63) U/mg和(1.80±0.01) U/mg;其酸性木聚糖酶最适温度和最适pH值分别为65℃和6.5,酸性木糖苷酶最适温度和最适pH值分别为70℃和4.5;酸性木聚糖酶兼有酸性CMCase酶活力,达到8.54 U/mL。【结论】菌株XYW5所产的酸性木聚糖酶具有开发成为优良工业酸性木聚糖酶的潜力。     

槐花米提取物对尿素酶的抑制活性

采用靛酚法研究了槐花米的乙醇、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷提取物对尿素酶的抑制作用，证实3种提取物均对尿素酶有明显抑制作用，IC₅₀分别是2.63，1.90，0.53 g/L.通过动力学研究阐明了提取物对尿素酶的抑制行为是可逆的混合型抑制，动力学常数K_i分别为0.32，0.22，0.084 g/L.首次阐明了槐花米中含有尿素酶抑制成分，为槐花米具有健胃、养胃的功效提供了一种理论解释.     

外源因子对平菇深层发酵玉米秸秆木质素酶系分泌的影响

研究了1%-4%的豆渣、1%-3%的(NH4)2SO4和酵母菌(酿酒酵母、热带假丝酵母、产朊假丝酵母)对平菇深层发酵玉米秸秆木质素酶系活性的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,所试浓度的豆渣、(NH4)2SO4均显著提高漆酶、锰过氧化物酶的活性.其中2%、4%的豆渣分别对漆酶、锰过氧化物酶活性的促进作用最大,是对照的1.8和8.4倍;3%、2%的(NH4)2SO4分别对漆酶、锰过氧化物酶活性的促进作用最大,是对照的1.46和7.05倍.在平菇接种的同时及其培养的第2天分别接种3种酵母菌,均显著提高锰过氧化物酶的活性,其中酿酒酵母的促进作用最大,接种的同时及其培养的第2天接种分别是对照的5.97、10.2倍;平菇培养第2天接种产朊假丝酵母可显著提高漆酶的活性,是对照的1.32倍.     

镉对刺参组织过氧化氢酶活性影响

研究了镉离子在刺参组织蓄积及在排放过程中投喂普通饲料和在普通饲料中加入多糖对组织CAT酶活性的影响,结果表明:(1)CAT的活性显示出高度的组织特异性,按CAT活性大小顺序为:内脏团>纵肌>体壁.(2)刺参组织酶活性随重镉离子染毒时间的增加先升高后降低,在排放阶段,染毒刺参投喂饲料后其组织酶活性随时间增加而逐渐恢复接近正常水平.表明CAT酶对刺参各组织早期污染具有一定的指示作用.(3)染毒后的刺参在清洁海水中排放期间,饲料中加入海藻多糖可明显促进刺参各组织重金属的排放,使得刺参各组织CAT酶活性较投喂普通饲料组明显提高.     

崇明东滩植物根际生物活性及与理化因素的相关性研究

采用常规的方法对崇明东滩入侵植物互花米草及本地物种芦苇、海三棱藨草根际土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性以及理化性质进行测定.结果显示:三大类群微生物中以细菌数量最多,不同植物中以海三棱藨草根际微生物量最多;过氧化氢酶活性为与海三棱藨草混生的互花米草根际最高,其他3种酶活性变化趋势相似,均以与芦苇混生的互花米草根际最高;进一步的分析表明:微生物的数量与土壤中有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量存在一定程度的正相关.说明崇明东滩植物根际土壤生物活性与理化因素有着密切的关系,为利用微生物学方法防治植物入侵提供依据.     

金属与糖化酶共催化糊精水解加氢制山梨醇的研究

通过考察糖化酶对糊精水解的影响因素,确定了合适的糖化酶水解条件.通过对金属催化剂筛选,寻找出催化性能较好的Ru-P非晶态合金为加氢催化剂.采用超声辅助化学还原法制备了负载型Ru-P非晶态合金催化剂,与糖化酶相结合,用于糊精水解加氢一步法制备山梨醇,得到较高的山梨醇收率.     

Selectivity determinants of the aldose and aldehyde reductase inhibitor-binding sites

Aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase belong to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily of enzymes whose members are responsible for a wide variety of biological functions. Aldose reductase has been identified as the first enzyme involved in the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism which converts glucose into sorbitol. Glucose over-utilization through the polyol pathway has been linked to tissue-based pathologies associated with diabetes complications, which make the development of a potent aldose reductase inhibitor an obvious and attractive strategy to prevent or delay the onset and progression of the complications. Structural studies of aldose reductase and the homologous aldehyde reductase in complex with inhibitor were carried out to explain the difference in the potency of enzyme inhibition. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of previous studies to aid the development of aldose reductase inhibitors that may have less toxicity problems than the currently available ones. Received 4 December 2006; received after revision 12 February 2007; accepted 20 April 2007     

Modulation of protein biophysical properties by chemical glycosylation: biochemical insights and biomedical implications

Glycosylation constitutes one of the most important posttranslational modifications employed by biological systems to modulate protein biophysical properties. Due to the direct biochemical and biomedical implications of achieving control over protein stability and function by chemical means, there has been great interest in recent years towards the development of chemical strategies for protein glycosylation. Since current knowledge about glycoprotein biophysics has been mainly derived from the study of naturally glycosylated proteins, chemical glycosylation provides novel insights into its mechanistic understanding by affording control over glycosylation parameters. This review presents a survey of the effects that natural and chemical glycosylation have on the fundamental biophysical properties of proteins (structure, dynamics, stability, and function). This is complemented by a mechanistic discussion of how glycans achieve such effects and discussion of the implications of employing chemical glycosylation as a tool to exert control over protein biophysical properties within biochemical and biomedical applications. Received 15 December 2006; received after revision 28 March 2007; accepted 25 April 2007     

邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯对雄性大鼠生殖系统影响

研究邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)对雄性生殖内分泌系统的损害作用及其机制．将不同剂量的BBP(0、0．45、0．9、1．8 mL/kg),每日对Wistar雄性大鼠连续灌胃,染毒30 d、60 d,测定大鼠血清中FSH、LH、T和睾丸匀浆中T的水平及睾丸标志酶ACP、γ-GT的活性．随着BBP染毒剂量的增加及时间的延长血清中及睾丸匀浆中T的水平显著下降(P＜0．01),血清中LH、FSH呈上升趋势(P＜0．05),睾丸中ACP水平先升后降,γ-GT的活性则明显下降(P＜0．01)．BBP对雄性失鼠有明显的生殖毒性,影响其血清及睾丸性激素水平和酶活性,这可能与BBP对支持细胞和生精上皮的损害有关．     

温敏性水凝胶作为固定化酶载体的研究

提出水凝胶载体材料优化模型,根据优化结果制备出了两种性能相异的载体材料即聚丙烯酰胺/2-甲基丙烯酸羟基乙酯和聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/2-甲基丙烯酸羟基乙酯,并用其包埋α-胰凝乳蛋白酶,利用载体材料的温敏性可实现固定化酶活力的可控及连续可调,两种固定化酶经连续催化8次,固定化酶活力并无明显下降.