1980年以来我国农业氮素管理的现状与问题

20世纪80年代初全国第2次土壤普查后,我国农业的投入产出水平和土地管理方式都发生了巨大变化,目前化学氮肥用量比1980年翻了一番以上,农田氮素收支总体也由当时的基本平衡变为有较多盈余。利用定位试验、农户访问和典型农区代表性采样相结合的方法,分析过去20年左右时间里我国农田氮素平衡状况和农田土壤氮素水平的演变特点及区域性差异,在此基础上分析了目前我国农田氮素管理中存在的主要问题和由此对农业和环境造成的各种负面影响,以引起各界人士的重视并采取切实可行的调控对策以改善我国农业中的氮素管理。     

Radiolarian record to paleoecological environment change events over the past 1.2 MaBP in the southern South China Sea

This note studies the Radiolarian fossil groups since 1.2 MaBP in ODP leg 184 site 1143, the southern South China Sea (SCS). The result shows that radiolarian abundance experienced a significant variation: before 0.9 MaBP it remained at the extremely low level, but increased with low extent between 0.9–0.65 Ma, which corresponded to the Mid-Pleistocene Transition stage, and it increased rapidly after 0.65 MaBP. During the whole process, the average abundance became higher and higher in each stage, and showed regularly periodic fluctuations. The obvious increase after 0.65 MaBP is inferred to result from the enhanced upwelling in this region, which was induced by the intensified monsoon circulation after the “Mid-Pleistocene Transition”. An outstanding result of the spectral analyses is that a long oscillation of ∼ 0.2 Ma cycle was found in the records of radiolarian abundance and complex diversity, which corresponds well to the result of other paleoceanographic indexes. This probably indicated a special cycle characteristic of paleoecological environment evolution in this area. In addition, all of the radiolarian indexes show an obvious boundary in about 0.47 MaBP, indicating the abrupt variation of the community structure and radiolarian abundance level before and after 0.47 MaBP. So we suppose that there existed a distinct change event of oceanic ecology environment during that period.     

浅谈焦化厂的环境污染环境保护与

焦炭生产过程中的环境污染十分严重,随着人们环保意识的提高,已引起人们的高度重视。从焦化生产过程中粉尘、荒煤气、悬浮颗粒物,以及焦化废水污染物的产生、性质、危害性及防治的角度,论述了焦化行业重视环境保护工作的重要意义。     

GIS下无公害农产品产地空气和灌溉水环境预警区划分

将环境质量评价学、GIS(地理信息系统)和编程技术相结合，拟定了无公害农产品产地空气和灌溉水环境条件预警区划分的技术路线。基于GIS建立了自贡市部分地区预警区图层数据库，并通过嵌套编程对废气和废水浓度衰减预测和综合指数计算，矢量化地形图的缓冲分析圈定预警区范围，GIS区域求并，生成预警区成图。不满足产地空气和灌溉水环境条件的预警范围分别为75．93km^2和89.85km^2，综合影响范围129．99km^2。     

交换树脂处理化学实验室含铬废水试验

以阳离子交换树脂作交换剂，对化学实验室含铬废水进行交换反应，通过静态和动态实验，分析在交换过程中废水的不同pH值和废水的不同流量对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明：在交换过程中，废水pH值为4、废水流量为6BV／h（BV为床体积）时净化效果最好。     

试论环境监测报告的审核

论述了对于环境监测报告的主要审核内容，包括一般审核原则、审核依据及审核要点。     

Variation characteristics of soil respiration fluxes in four types of grassland communities under different precipitation intensity

In the global carbon cycle studies, terrestrial ecosys- tem has become one of the greatest uncertain ecosystems in the current carbon cycle studies owing to the complex- ity of its underlying surface and intense disturbance of anthropogenic activities[1], hence depth studies of it serveas a key in seeking for the “missing carbon sinks” of at-mosphere. In the terrestrial ecosystem, soil organic carbonreservoir is an important component of carbon reservoir inthe system, its carbon …     

社会保险基金征缴中的难点和对策

针对社会保险基金支付缺口的问题，提出了加大社会保险基金的收缴力度，扩走社会保险基金保障范围，健全保障体系的具体措施。     

关于矿区土地复垦问题的初步探讨

针对我国目前矿区土地的破坏状况和复垦中存在的问题,探讨了土地复垦的重要意义,并提出了相应的复垦措施。     

SO2总量控制与分配

要实现对大气污染物排放总量的控制,首要任务是对环境容量进行量化,在此基础上将环境资源分配给各个排污主体。通过A值法核定理想环境容量,采用AP,AS法对环境资源进行分配,从而达到“浓度与总量双达标”。