地下水开发利用中的环境地质问题与防御对策

地下水在国民经济发展中的地位极为重要,随着社会经济高速发展,我国地下水资源,尤其是北方地区开发量急剧增加.文章根据大量的地下水开采资料,分析了我国地下水开发利用过程中引起的主要环境地质问题,提出了防御对策和合理开发利用地下水的建议.文章还对环境地质学的研究重点与发展趋势给予展望.     

海洋大气和环境卫星遥感技术进展

 分别从海雾、海上强对流、海洋环境监测角度,介绍了卫星遥感监测能力、方法和相关产品的最新进展。卫星监测能力上,发展方向主要为高低轨、主被动协同观测;数据提取和产品反演方面,遥感反演算法趋于多样化且逐渐稳定成熟。基于卫星遥感对高层大气（以强对流为代表）、边界层大气（以海雾为代表）以及海洋环境（以海洋藻类、水体组分参数为代表）的评估,已经从科学研究过渡到业务监测,进一步提升了对海洋大气和生态环境的监测能力。     

矿产资源开发战略环境评价中替代方案的数学模型研究

战略替代方案能够从源头上控制环境问题,是矿产资源开发战略环境评价的最终目标.根据矿产资源的自然资源属性与社会经济特性,分析了矿产资源战略替代方案的一般特点及其技术经济时间性和国际政治经济影响的不确定性;并确定了矿产资源战略替代方案的制订原则.在上述理论研究的基础上,利用经济控制论中的连续时间动态经济系统优化理论,建立了矿产资源开发战略环境评价中替代方案的数学模型,提出了矿产资源开发战略替代方案制订的技术路线与方法.     

我国焦炉技术装备水平的现状及对策

阐述了我国现有焦炉技术装备水平的现状，提出了提高我国焦炉技术装备水平的途径，包括焦炉的大型化、加强环保、提高自动化水平、推广节能技术等。     

疾病预防控制中心环境影响评价中值得关注的问题

提出了在疾病预防控制中心环境影响评价中值得关注的几个问题,包括评价因子的确定应兼顾卫生指标和环保指标,评价标准的确定应兼顾卫生要求和环保要求,加强废气和污水及污物的无害化处理,以及加强实验室生物安全管理。     

Research on the relationship between site function and environment at the site of Zhongba,Chongqing City,China

The Zhongba site has been demonstrated to be a location of salt production based on multi-disciplinary research including salt archaeology,environmental archaeology,zooarchaeology,paleobotany,and other natural science examinations.The continuity of salt production from the Han Dynasty to the present day as understood primarily from ancient texts can now be traced back to even earlier times. Based on the characteristics of cultural layer deposits,features,and artifacts,Zhongba can be clearly distinguished from known settlements,and from bronze,iron,pottery and porcelain workshops.According to various natural science examinations,the major impurities in local salt brine are also found in floor features,brine troughs,and rounded bottom pots at the site even though NaCl itself was not preserved.These traces were left over from the salt production process rather than being naturally deposited.Zhongba and its constituent features and artifacts share many common characters with other salt production sites around the world.Consequently,the Zhongba site can be confidently identified as a salt production site where activity continued for several thousand years.The formation of the site cannot be separated from salt production,and it is also highly related to its natural environment.     

日本制造业基于循环经济的调整

日本循环经济的发展对制造业提出了保护环境的新要求。日本制造业适时调整,从资源的开采到原材料采购、产品制造、加工组装,到流通、消费,甚至到废弃、回收利用各阶段都努力降低环境负荷。日本制造业的调整取得了显著成效,为我国制造业转变发展模式提供了有益启示。     

露天开采矿山地质环境治理实践——以广西北海市合浦县白泥坑粘土矿为例

探索治理粘土矿山地质环境治理以及矿山土地复垦种植的途径,为北海市其余粘土矿山地质环境治理探索出一条有效途径,并为我区同类矿山及地质背景相似的矿山开展恢复治理工作,提供理论指导、经验及示范.     

21世纪初期(2001-2020)我国人口产业结构与环境污染、经济发展的关联模式仿真

首先对我国1985年至2000年的人口产业结构、环境污染、经济总量及产业结构进行量化分析研究,揭示了我国人口产业结构及其与环境污染之间的变迁模式;其次,通过对西方发达五国人均GDP在5000-10000美元时期的人口产业结构及其与环境污染之间的数量关系进行了聚类分析,并提炼出21世纪初期(2001-2020)中国人口产业结构、环境污染与经济发展的仿真关联模式.     

Distribution of metals in annual rings of the beech (Fagus sylvatica) as an expression of environmental changes

Summary Annual rings of 140–160-year-old beeches (Fagus sylvatica) from St. Ingbert, Saarland (FRG) were prepared and analyzed for 14 metals by atomic absorption spectroscopy. According to the chronological variations of their concentrations, the elements could be divided into three groups: 1) Metals without any tendency for chronological changes. This was established for Na, K, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, and Cd. 2) Metals with a recent decrease of their concentrations, appropriate for Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn. 3) Metals with a recent tendency to increase, e.g. Fe and Al. These variations are discussed in connection with the industrial history of the Saarland region and the influence of acid immissions which may alter the soil and thereby the trace element metabolism of the trees with consequences for the vitality of the plants.