构建低碳绿色基础化学实验室的实践与探索

为了适应环境保护和可持续发展的要求,高校化学实验室管理应全面贯彻低碳绿色化学的概念。探讨了武汉轻工大学从师生思想、实验准备、实验设计、实验操作、废物处理等方面进行低碳绿色基础化学实验室建设的实践。     

广西造纸行业环境风险防范对策探索

造纸业是我国国民经济中重要的基础原材料产业,在不断扩大经营规模过程中造成了日益严重的环境风险,从而阻碍了产业自身的健康发展,增加了环境的严重负担。文章以广西纸浆造纸业为案例,深入分析当前造纸业的环境风险源现状、结构类别、产生环节及其防控技术和科学对策,研究可为广西造纸业环境风险防控管理工作提供参考依据。     

基于AHP和灰色评价法的武汉市水环境风险评价及管理战略思考

通过构建武汉市城市水环境风险指标体系,综合运用AHP和灰色评价法对当前武汉市水环境总体风险、及其形成原因和结果表现进行评价.结果显示：1）武汉市水环境风险总体处于＂风险较高＂水平;2）成因方面,社会发展对水环境有一定负面影响;3）表现结果方面看,水污染负荷程度较高.最后,基于评价结果和武汉市未来社会经济发展的＂基准情景＂、＂优化情景＂和＂绿色低碳情景＂进行假设,并对科学制定武汉水环境管理战略提出了建议.     

PEO修饰中空SiO2纳米颗粒的制备及生长机理研究

采用基于PluronicF127胶束的软模板法,在中性、室温和无催化剂的温和环境下,制备得到中空SiO2纳米颗粒.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态光散射粒度分布测定仪(DLS)和傅里叶转换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对所制备的中空SiO2纳米颗粒的形貌、粒径和官能团进行分析.结果表明:SiO2壳层成功在F127胶束疏水-亲水界面处形成,PEO在中空SiO2纳米颗粒表面可自由伸展,纳米颗粒的尺寸随F127浓度增加而减小,但分散性随F127浓度增加而增强.F127质量为15mg、四甲氧基硅烷为46μL时制备的中空SiO2纳米颗粒的平均粒径和内径分别为20nm和9.6nm,且具有更好的水溶性和单分散性.通过对样品的TEM照片统计分析发现,中空SiO2纳米颗粒的外径、内径和SiO2壳层厚度与F127浓度密切相关.     

济南泉城聚落空间形态与生态环境的关联嬗变

回顾济南自春秋战国到清代末期巧用自然环境、构建特色风貌的城市生态化建设发展历程,从有机结合景观环境的城市泉水水系、由泉而生的适宜人居环境以及趋利避害的城市防灾措施三方面,分析了农耕时代济南先民因利自然的聚居环境营建理念和趋利避害的朴素生态智慧实践。反思自然生态环境的恶化给济南的聚居条件带来了的负面影响,通过梳理近年来济南生态环境重建工作推动城市可持续发展的经验,指出系统保护地域自然生态环境、促进古城营建生态智慧与新型城市功能的有机结合、实现人居环境与自然环境的和谐交融是当代城市建设的理想目标。     

数字化环境下图书馆的新媒体服务--以长春图书馆新媒体服务为例

以长春图书馆新媒体服务为例,介绍了新媒体服务的发展现状,阐述了多渠道的新媒体服务,分析了数字化环境下新媒体服务所涉及的版权问题、网络实名制问题及技术标准问题。     

信息社会环境下图书馆服务的创新与发展

以信息技术与图书馆服务整合为基点,分析和探讨了公共图书馆如何适应信息社会环境等问题,提出应从制度设计、服务转型、资源组织、人才培养等方面着手来实现图书馆服务模式的创新转型。     

Magnetic characteristics and its environmental implications of core YSJD-86GC sediments from the southern South China Sea

Sediments of core YSJD-86GC （referred to as 86GC） collected from the southern South China Sea were selected for environmental magnetic studies. Combined with the published chronological framework, sediment magnetic properties were revealed for the study area since the MIS3 stage. The rock magnetic results indicate that low-coercivity magnetite is the main magnetic mineral within the sediments. Also, a certain amounts of hematite are present. The King plot and Day plot, which reflect the magnetic particle size, show that fine-grained pseudo-sin- gle-domain phase magnetic particles dominate the magnetic minerals in the sediments. Comparison of magnetic parameters and geochemical indicators show that magnetic properties of core 86GC sediments reflect a terrigenous input. Simultaneously, magnetic characteristics of the stud- ied sediment are influenced by the quantity of terrigenous sediment input, oxidation-reduction conditions of the provenance area, and the transportation environment and distance. Sea level fluctuation caused by global climate change was the main factor for variation in concentration of magnetic minerals and magnetic particle size of thestudied core sediments. Thus, variation of sediment magnetic properties in the study area can be used as an indirect indicator of sea level fluctuation.     

Millennial climate changes since MIS 3 revealed by element records in deep-sea sediments from northern South China Sea

High resolution elemental MD05-2903 from the northern South records in core China Sea were obtained from XRF scanning and grain size and mineral component analyses. The K/Ti curve reveals climate changes since MIS 3 on a millennial scale, representing one of the best such records so far from deep-sea sediments of the South China Sea. When compared our K/Ti record with other climate records from high latitude ice cores and from East Asia stalagmites, variations in the K/Ti record show some typical saw-shaped features of rapid climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Grain size analysis reveals a close relationship between variations in K/Ti and in the fine end-member grain size. XRD analysis confirms that high K/Ti layers were dominated by K-rich weathering minerals, especially illite, while low K/Ti layers contain low illite but high abundance of Ti-rich heavy minerals. Therefore, the K/Ti record reflects changes in the input and deposition of fine weathering minerals and heavy minerals in the northern South China Sea region during stadials and interstadials. These elemental changes were largely con- trolled by variations in rainfall, erosion, and fluvial trans- portation induced by East Asia Monsoon.     

Monitoring dynamic changes of global land cover types:fluctuations of major lakes in China every 8 days during 2000–2010

Remote sensing images can be used to delineate variations in the area of lakes and to assess the influence of environmental changes and human activities.However,because lakes are dynamic,results obtained from individual images acquired on a single date are not representative and do not accurately reflect ongoing changes.In this study,we used 8-day moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)composite data from 2000 to2010 to map water surface changes over 629 lakes in China.We combined automatic extraction of training data and support vector machine classification to derive the spatial distribution of these large water bodies.The producer’s and user’s accuracies for MODIS images were91.06%and 89.81%,respectively,when compared with interpretation results from 30 m resolution Landsat images taken on similar days.Area changes,variability,inundation intensity,and rainy seasons of the 629 lakes were analyzed based on this multi-temporal lake database.The total area of the 629 lakes increased over the study period,primarily as a result of the expansion of lake areas on the Tibetan Plateau.There were 12 lakes with a maximum area[1,000 km2,and six of these decreased in area from 2000to 2010.The shrinkages of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake were-54.76 and-25.08 km2/a,respectively.The area of lakes on Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,northeastern Inner Mongolia,and northeastern China varied little,while lakes on the Yangtze Plain,in southern Inner Mongolia,and central Xinjiang fluctuated considerably.Inundation intensity increased for lakes on the Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,Heilongjiang,and Jilin,while inundation extent decreased in central Xinjiang,southern Tibet,southern Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,and on the Yangtze Plain.This study is an attempt to develop high-frequency specific land cover maps to improve applicability of general land cover maps.The lake products serve as an important supplement to hydrologic data.The lake database enables the generation of new land surface process models,which could improve the precision of simulations,based on more accurate observations of dynamic lake systems.