新农村建设中农村电网建设的探讨

为了解决新农村建设中农村用电水平的不断提高,特别是随着农村经济水平的不断发展,当前实际运行中农村配电网已出现的诸如网络损耗较大而导致供电成本过高、供电可靠性较低、供电电压和频率不满足要求等问题,作者通过对一个典型的农村电网的潮流进行分析,从网络的整体规划布局到局部的输配电设备(如:线路、变压器及无功补偿装置等)方面提出了关于降低网络损耗、提高电压质量和可靠性的具体措施.通过对改建前后的线损率和电压合格率进行计算,表明笔者所提出的方法对现有农村电网改造是有效的.最后,提出了农村电网的发展趋势.     

乏风瓦斯热逆流反应器的流动压力损失特性

分析了热逆流反应器压力损失的组成和机理,上下集气箱内和陶瓷床内部的摩擦阻力损失和陶瓷床进出口的局部损失,建立了各部分压力损失的相应公式并根据实验数据进行了计算.结果表明:陶瓷床进出口的局部流动损失远小于摩擦阻力损失,因此可以在损失分析时忽略以使问题简化;下集气箱中的摩擦阻力损失明显大于上集气箱和陶瓷床,并且对进口流速的增长最为敏感,在总损失中占据首位;给出了热逆流反应器的总压力损失计算公式,应用该式可对不同流量工况下的总损失进行计算.     

外场RCS测量多路径干扰抑制技术研究

针对室外近地雷达横截面(RCS)测试场测量结果易受多路径干扰影响的问题,利用射线跟踪技术,综合考虑了信号直射、地面反射和刀边衍射3种因素,建立了单刀刃型障碍信号传输损耗预测模型,推导出了单刀刃型雷达栅信号传输衰落的数学表达式.结合某单位外场数据,对近地信号传输损耗预测模型进行了仿真分析,提出了一种新的单刀刃型雷达栅高度选取原则,根据优化结果进行了工程实现.实测结果证明了文中所述模型的实用性和有效性.     

帕累托最优框架下的水电电价模型

将Shapley值分配方法与帕累托最优理论引入到水电电价模型的研究中.通过Shapley值确定水电电价在不同时段的惩罚因子与奖励因子,在帕累托最优的框架下建立能够提供有效的经济信号的有差别水电电价模型,目标为小水电方经济效益减少量与电网线损减少量比值的最小化,在保证对电网运营方与水电方经济效益弱影响的同时,实现电网的低...     

Entransy dissipation minimization for optimization of heat exchanger design

In this paper,by taking the water-water balanced counterflow heat exchanger as an example,the entransy dissipation theory is applied to optimizing the design of heat exchangers.Under certain conditions,the optimal duct aspect ratio is determined analytically.When the heat transfer area or the duct volume is fixed,analytical expressions of the optimal mass velocity and the minimal entransy dissipation rate are obtained.These results show that to reduce the irreversible dissipation in heat exchangers,the heat exchange area should be enlarged as much as possible,while the mass velocity should be reduced as low as possible.     

Optimization of flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation in a tube

Conservation equations for sensible and latent entransy are established for flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation in a tube, and the entransy dissipation expression is deduced. The field synergy equation is obtained on the basis of the extremum entransy dissipation principle for flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation. The optimal velocity field is numerically obtained by solving the field synergy equation. The results show that the optimal velocity field contains multiple longitudinal vortices near the tube surface. These improve the synergy not only between the velocity and temperature fields but also between the velocity and vapor concentration fields. Therefore, the turbulent heat and mass transfers are significantly enhanced.     

A comparison of optimization theories for energy conservation in heat exchanger groups

In general,thermal processes can be classified into two categories: heat-work conversion processes and heat transfer processes. Correspondingly,the optimization of thermal processes has to have two different criteria:the well known entropy generation minimization method and the recently proposed entransy dissipation maximization method. This study analyzes the thermal issues in a heat exchanger group,and optimizes the unit arrangements under different constraints based on a suitable optimization crite-rion. The result indicates that the principle of minimum entropy generation rate is valid for optimizing heat exchangers in a ther-modynamic cycle with given boundary temperatures. In contrast,the entransy dissipation maximization is more suitable in heat exchanger optimizations involving only heat transfer processes. Furthermore,the entropy generation rate induced by dumping used streams into ambient surroundings has to be taken into account,except for that originating from the hot and cold-ends of heat exchangers,when using the entropy generation minimization to optimize heat exchangers undergoing a thermodynamic cycle.     

稀土Dy掺杂对BiFeO3陶瓷样品介电和铁电特性的影响

采用传统固相烧结法制备Bi1-xDyxFeO3(x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0, 0.15)陶瓷样品.分别对样品的介电性能、铁电性进行了测量与分析.结果表明:Bi1-xDyxFeO3样品主衍射峰与纯相BiFeO3相吻合且具有良好的晶体结构;BiFeO3样品的介电常数、介电损耗均随Dy3+掺杂量的增加而逐渐增大.在测...     

基于Bayes估计的一般原则及在平方损失下的简单应用

讨论了求Bayes估计一般方法的理论依据,给出一种新的证明途径.并进一步给出了平方损失下,二项分布参数以Beta分布为先验分布时的Bayes估计以及正态均值在正态先验分布下的Bayes估计.     

换热器内随温度变化的黏度对两流体(火积)的影响

以橄榄油为例来研究黏度固定和黏度为温度函数的情况下黏性热效应对顺流换热器内两流体相似文献