An extended nonlinear state predictor for a class of nonlinear time delay systems

An extended nonlinear state predictor (ENSP) for a class of nonlinear systems with input time delay is proposed. Based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the ENSP first estimates the current states according to the previous estimations and estimation errors, next calculates the future state values via the system model, and then adjusts the values based on the current errors. After a state predictive algorithm for a class of linear systems is presented, it is extended to a class of nonlinear time delay systems and the detailed ENSP algorithm is further proposed. Finally, computer simulations with the nonlinear example are presented, which demonstrates that the proposed ENSP can effectively and accurately predict the future states for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems no matter whether the state variables change quickly or slowly.     

Biochemical characterization of the protein encoded by rice osRACD gene

A recombinant plasmid pET-racd was first constructed by cloning osRACD,the development-regulating gene that controls photoperiod fertility transformation in the photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice Nongken 58S,into a prokaryote expression vector pET28a(+).It was then transformed into E.Coli BL-21.Cutting with thrombin of the fusion protein extracted from transformants and PAGE separation yielded pure osRACD protein,which was further concentrated using ultrafiltration and renatured using glutathione oxidation/reduction refolding system for later functional study.As demonstrated by in vitro functional assay,the osRACD protein expressed in E.Coli B-21 shows remarkable activity in binding GTP specifically and hydrolyzing it.     

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) based microchip for DNA electrophoresis

A novel poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS) -based microchip for DNA separation through electrophoresis has been developed using a micro-electro-mechanical-system(MEMS) technology. Unlike previous hybrid PDMS microchip, one PDMS film is first created on glass support by pressing method in our microchip. Thus, increased band-broadening phenomena, arising from the material nonuniformity at the walls of microchannel, can be avoided in electrophoresis process. A low-viscosity hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-100 (HPMC-100) is used as the separation medium for fluorescent intercalator-labeled double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments. Mannitol is introduced to PDMS-based microchip as a separation medium additive to enhance separation efficiency. At applied electric field strength of 150 V/cm, excellent separations of the PCR marker could be achieved with an effective separation distance of 25mm .     

Relationship between the exposure dose of high intensity focused ultrasound and the heated necrosis element

Heated necrosis element of tissues is the basis for treating tumor by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), so study on the relationship between the HIFU exposure dose and the heated necrosis element of tissues is of great significance for both HIFU clinical applications and basic research. Using Pennes and Rayleigh formulae the relationship between the exposure dose of an annular focused transducer and the heated necrosis element (I.e. Biological focused region) in a bovine liver in vitro at a depth of 2 cm is simulated in an exposure dose range with radiation sound intensity of 7000～25400 W/cm2 and exposure time of 0～20 s. The theoretical results appear to be in quite good agreement with the experimental ones. It is shown that on the basis of existing theories the heated necrosis element produced by HIFU exposure can be predicted. The deviation of the theory from the experiments under higher exposure dose has also been discussed.     

Early scale effect and hemisphere superiority on the visual spatial attention: From the electrophysiological evidence of ERP

The visual attention mechanism in the brain was studied among 16 young subjects through the precue-target visual search paradigm using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique, with the attentive ranges cued with different scales of Chinese words. The results showed that the response time was shortened as the cue scale was reduced, while the amplitudes of the P1 and N1 components of the ERPs increased. These results not only provided the electrophysiological evidence supporting the spotlight theory, but also indicated that the spotlight effect occurred during the early period of the selected attention. Two kinds of separation in the P2 effect were observed. One separation was between the P1 effect and P2 effect, which meant that additional computation was needed when the spatial scale of attention was enlarged; the other was between the left and right hemisphere of the P2 effect, which indicates that the attentive processing of the cue range mainly occurred in the left hemisphere.     

NPP distribution related to the terrains along the North-South Transect of Eastern China

Vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) is defined as the accumulative amount of organic matters per unit area and time, which is calculated from the difference between accumulative photosynthesis and accumulative autotrophic respiration by green plants. Since the NPP reflects the physiological and ecological characteristics of the plants and the interactive results of the environmental factors, it is an important index to evaluate a structure of ecological system, functional features and …     

SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

Induction of nicotine in tobacco by herbivory and its relation to glucose oxidase activity in the labial gland of three noctuid caterpillars

Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. is a host plant ofHelicoverpa armigera (Huibner), Helicoverpa assulta Guenee and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The difference in leaf nicotine response to the feeding by these three larvae and the mechanical simulation of their feeding was examined by HPLC. Results indicated that nicotine induction was suppressed by H. armigera and H. assulta larvae feeding or by simulated damage treated with their labial glands extracts. The production of nicotine was also suppressed by the glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger when it was treated on mechanically wounded leaf area. On the contrary, the nicotine production was stimulated by S. litura larva feeding or by simulated damage treated with its labial gland extract. Heat denature can not counteract the stimulation effect of the S. litura labial gland extracts to tobacco nicotine production. The glucose oxidase activity was detected in labial gland extracts of both H. armigera and H. assulta, but the activity in H. armigera was significantly higher than that in H. assulta. No glucose oxidase activity was detected in labial gland extracts of S. litura. It is shown that the glucose oxidase activity in labial glands of caterpillars plays an important role in the nicotine response to herbivory. The glucose oxidase was mainly contained in the labial gland of H. armigera larva, and had the highest activity at pH 7.0. D-Glucose was the optimal substrate of the glucose oxidase. Labial gland glucose oxidase activities varied daily during larval development with high activities found when larvae were actively feeding.     

Deep-water Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum （EOGM） in South Atlantic

The most prominent cooling event of the Earth surface during Cenozoic in the long-term transition from a non-glaciated planet, or “green-house world”, to a polar, glaciated planet, or “ice-house world”, is the Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum (EOGM) above the Eocene/Oligocene boundary at about 33.7 Ma. Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, carbonate content, and coarse fraction, along with high-resolution color reflectance and magnetic susceptibility records during 35-30 Ma, from deep-water Sites 1262 and 1265, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 208 in South Atlantic, reveal the global cooling event occurring in both surface and deep oceans. The results show that the earliest Oligocene δ^18O values during 33.5-33.1 Ma represent the magnitude of continental ice sheets on east Antarctica and indicate the large decrease in both surface and deep water temperatures of worldwideoceans. The δ^13C records show the large excursion during the period of EOGM event and indicate some types of shift in global carbon reservoir, probably demonstrating the sudden increase in organic carbon burial rates and the changes in the distribution and timing of production. At the same time, lithologic composition, carbonate content, color reflectance, and coarse fraction brought about significant changes close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, reflecting the abrupt deepening in the carbonate compensation depth (CCD). Changes in carbonate content were revealed from the color reflectance identify periodicities associated with eccentricity of the Earth‘s orbit (100 and 400 ka), further indicating orbitally forced global climate variations in the Early Oligocene.     

1999～2002年《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》载文及引文分析

运用文献计量学的研究方法，对1999～2002年《贵州大学学报(社会科学版）》所载论文的我文量、引文量、引文语种分布和引文类型等进行了综合统计分析。