夫伦克耳激子的运动

本文从晶格模型出发,同时考虑周期场和电子-声子相互作用对激子能态的影响。夫伦克耳激子在晶格中运动有两种不同方式:在低温区,是能带传递;在高温区,是跳跃过程。     

真空开关介质强度恢复的研究

电力系统的瞬态恢复电压对真空开关的介质强度恢复影响极大,根据是否考虑这一影响可把真空开关的介质恢复过程分为实际恢复过程和固有恢复过程。本文在相同的实验模型和电路参数下对这两种恢复过程作了比较性的实验研究。提出了“鞘层”与“金属蒸气”相结合的理论模型,并对相关的问题进行了讨论。     

Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (bottom-up effect). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (top-down effect). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

2,3-二羟基哌嗪与几种氨基化合物的缩合反应研究

由乙二胺与乙二醛的缩合物２,３－二羟基哌嗪,分别与甲酰胺、脲和乙二胺反应,制得２,４,７,９,１１,１４－六氮杂三环［８,４,０,０３,８］十四烷六盐酸盐四水合物（１）,２,５,７,９－四氮杂双环［４,３,０］壬－８－酮二盐酸盐－水合物（２）和２,５,７,１０－四氮杂双环［４,４,０］癸烷（３）。化合物１为未见文献报道的新化合物。化合物２的合成工艺条件优化后,反应得率与文献［１］相比有一定提高。化合物３的合成,由于将反应分为低温和高温两个缩合阶段,使反应得率提高到７７．５％。     

羧酸在油水相中的分布

研究了甲酸和乙酸于水中和不同有机介质中的分配系数,重点研究了含21、24和27碳原子的三烷基叔胺对甲酸和乙酸的成盐萃取作用。同时,在不同稀释剂及其用量、温度以及甲酸和乙酸浓度的条件下,确定了小分子羧酸的分配系数及其变化规律,最后,根据有机羧酸叔胺盐的热分解行为获得了纯度达90％的甲酸和乙酸,从而为重有机工业的酸回收提供了工艺技术设计的依据。     

大立体角多参数电离室

因重离子核物理研究工作研究,研制成功灵敏区深庶３５ｃｍ的大立体角多参数电离室,可同 量信号△Ｅ、Ｅ和位置信号Ｘ、Ｙ等多项参数。     

The v-v energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited states (I)

The relaxation of the highly vibrationally excited CO (v = 1–8) by CO₂ is studied by timeresolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy (TR FTIR). 193 nm laser photolysis of the mixture of CHBr₃ with O₂ generates the highly vibrationally excited CO(v) molecules. TR FTIR records the intense infrared emission of CO(v→v-1). The vibrational populations of each level of CO(v) have been determined by the method of spectral simulation. Based on the evolution of the time resolved populations and the differential method, 8 energy transfer rate constants of CO(v = 1–8) to CO₂ molecules areobtained: (5.7±0.1), (5.9±0.1), (5.2±0.2), (3.4±0.2), (2.4±0.3), (2.2±0.4), (2.0±0.4) and (1.8±0.6) (10¹⁴ cm³ · molecule⁻¹ · s⁻¹), respectively. A two-channel energy transfer model can explain the feature of the quenching of CO(v) by CO². For the lower vibrational states of CO, the vibrational energy transfers preferentially to the u³ mode of CO² For the higher levels, the major quenching channel changes to the vibrational energy exchange between CO(v→v-1) and the u¹ mode of CO².     

The v-v energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited states (II)

The vibrational energy transfer from highly vibrationally excited CO to H₂O molecules is studied by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy (TR FTIR). Following the 193 nm laser photolysis of CHBr₃ and O₂ the secondary reactions generate CO(v). The infrared emission of CO(v → v−1) is detected by TR FTIR. The excitation of H₂O molecules is not observed. By the method of the spectral simulation and the differential technique, 8 rate constants for CO(v)/H₂O system are obtained: (1.7 ±0.1), (3.4 ±0.2), (6.2 ±0.4), (8.0 ±1.0), (9.0 ±2.0), (12 ±3), (16 ±4) and (18 ±7) (10¹³cm³ · molecule^-1· s^-1). At least two reasons lead to the efficient energy transfer. One is the contributions of the rotational energy to the vibational energy defect and the other is the result of the complex collision. With the SSH andab initio calculations, the quenching mechanism of CO(v) by H₂O is suggested.     

Buckling of a ferromagnetic thin plate in a transverse static magnetic field

An energy theory is proposed on the buckling of a ferromagnetic thin plate in a transverse static magnetic field. The analytic solution of critical field for plates is obtained by using variational method. It is shown that the critical magnetic field is not only influenced by the ratio of the thickness to the length, but also by the width, total length and the magnetic susceptibility of the specimen. Theoretical calculations agree with experiments reasonably.     

U形渠道水跃的试验研究

从理论上推导了Ｕ形渠道的水跃方程。通过模型试验研究了Ｕ形渠道水跃的水流流态和流速分布,测量了跃前、跃后水深和水跃长度,提出了共轭水深、水跃长度和水跃消能率的计算公式。研究表明,Ｕ形渠道的水跃有良好的消能效果,其消能作用优于矩形渠道和梯形渠道,接近于三角形渠道。