化学物质诱发油菜单倍体的研究

采用化学物质诱发油菜孤雌生殖单倍体,结果表明,适当的化学物质能够诱发油菜孤雌生殖单倍体。实验经过显微镜检查,发现来自甘兰型油菜（Brassica napus L.）的诱发植株,其体细胞染色体数目为19,是二倍体植株体细胞染色体数38的一半。该研究方法简单,单倍体产生频率有提高的潜力,作为作物育种的途径还可深入研究。     

烤烟主要烟气化学成分对卷烟感官舒适度的影响研究

 为研究烤烟烟气主要化学成分对卷烟感官舒适度的具体影响程度,并分析影响感官舒适度的关键化学成分.对50个涵盖国内主要烟叶产区及主要进口烤烟进行了42个烟气化学成分检测和较全面地感官舒适度评价,采用逐步回归方法建立了烟气化学成分对卷烟感官舒适度指标影响的统计模型.研究结果表明:建立的模型统计上高度显著(p_F<0.01),模型对感官舒适度具有较强的解释能力;各模型中所有自变量回归系数统计上均显著(p<0.05),模型中所有自变量对感官舒适度均有重要影响;建立的模型对感官舒适度具有较好的预测性能,可为卷烟产品研发及维护提供科学依据.     

痕量壬基酚及其衍生物的样品预处理与测定

对近三十几年来国内外痕量内分泌干扰物壬基酚及相关化合物的主要分离富集和检测方法进行了综合评述,重点介绍了几种常见的水样和泥样预处理方法,并进行了对比分析,对气相色谱-质谱联用、高效液相色谱两种测定方法进行了探讨,并指出了目前分析检测方法存在的不足,提出了需要改进和深入研究的关键性问题。     

合成革用聚氨酯浆料阻燃性能的研究

本文通过红磷与氢氧化镁复配,并制成微胶囊阻燃剂,研究了该微胶囊阻燃剂中红磷与氢氧化镁的协同效应,并把微胶囊阻燃剂体系应用到合成革聚氨酯浆料中,测定其氧指数及燃烧性能,对微胶囊阻燃体系进行评价。     

基于内分泌激素调节机制的免疫算法的Flowshop调度问题

针对不确定条件下具有零等待的Flowshop调度问题,采用三角模糊数来描述不确定的产品处理时间,在模糊规划理论的基础上建立了相应的调度模型,通过中间值最大隶属度算法,将原来的模糊调度模型转化为单目标的规划模型;并基于内分泌激素调节规律,利用内分泌系统与免疫系统之间密切的双向调节关系,提出了一种新颖的解决此类问题的自适应内分泌免疫调度算法.仿真实例表明,该算法的收敛速度和搜索精度均明显优于改进的免疫算法,表明该算法的有效性和优越性.     

Vitellogenic responses of male Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) exposed to the individual or binary mixtures of 17β-estradiol and nonylphenol

Male Chinese loaches were exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2) and nonylphenol (NP) both singly and in combination for 42 days using semi-static waterborne exposure system. Plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) was chosen as determining endpoint. The results demonstrated that 0.5 μg/L E2 could induce the enhancement of Vtg contents in male Chinese loaches after exposure for 21 days, which showed a time-related increasing manner; NP was also estrogenic to male Chinese loach, and the vitellogenic responses showed in a time-and dose-related manner, which was less potent than that of E2. The bi- nary mixtures of E2 and NP can significantly elicit the production of Vtg in male Chinese loaches, which was more potent than that of individual compounds, and Vtg induced in the binary mixture groups was higher than the summation of Vtg induced in the corresponding single-compound groups at the same concentration.     

Evolutionary implications of pyrrolizidine alkaloid assimilation by danaine and ithomiine larvae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Summary Larvae of danaine and ithomiine butterflies assimilate pyrrolizidine alkaloids painted on their larval host plants. This finding supports the theory of the common ancestral use of these compounds by Ithomiinae and Danainae.     

化学物质衍生-同步荧光法测定注射液中γ-氨基丁酸的含量

采用化学物质衍生结合同步荧光法,建立一种检测注射液中γ-氨基丁酸含量的方法.对γ-氨基丁酸的衍生产物进行同步荧光扫描,考察了影响体系荧光强度的因素.最佳实验条件为:8.0×10-3 mol/L硼砂缓冲液(pH=9.6),1.0×10-5 mol/L邻苯二甲醛-2.86×10-5 mol/Lβ-巯基乙醇组合试剂为衍生试剂,衍生时间60min,激发光、发射光通带宽度为5.0nm,λem=455.0nm,Δλ=120.0nm,检测液温度小于25℃.结果表明:在上述条件下获得的同步荧光光谱峰形最好,荧光强度最大.γ-氨基丁酸的线性范围为2.50～50.00μg/L,相关系数为0.999 0,检测限为0.79μg/L.本方法灵敏度高,操作简便,成本低,可用于注射液中γ-氨基丁酸含量的检测.     

Sperm bioassay for detecting acute toxicity of chemical pollutants

Summary A starfish sperm bioassay for detecting chemical pollutants is described. KCN and HgCl₂ inhibited O₂ consumption of spermatozoa by 50% at 0.07 ng/ml and 0.3 ng/ml respectively.I am grateful to Dr B. Hart for advice and supervision.     

A reappraisal of the hormonal regulation of larval fat body histolysis in femaleDrosophila melanogaster

The histolysis of larval fat body cells in adult femaleDrosophila melanogaster was examined in wild type and mutant animals. The fat body cells of wild type (Canton-S),apterous ^56f homozygotes,apterous ^78jts homozygotes and heterozygotes,apterous ⁴/+, ecdysoneless¹ homozygotes and heterozygotes all underwent histolysis normally during the 72 h following adult eclosion. Only in the case ofap ⁴/ap⁴ adults did the cells fail to histolyze normally. The fat body cells of both diapausing and non-diapausing wild type females underwent histolysis at the same rate. Attempts to demonstrate histolysis in vitro were unsuccessful, even in the presence of juvenile hormones (JHs), larval ring glands, or adult ovaries. In all strains other than theap ⁴ homozygotes, a significant proportion of larval fat body cells were dead at any time while theap ⁴/ap⁴ animals, almost all cells remained viable. It is postulated that fat body cell lysis following eclosion is not a JH-mediated event, but is elicited by an as yet unidentified factor(s), possibly originating in the ovary.