中亚热带优势灌木根系对土壤抗剪切力的影响

在浙江南部的山体滑坡、泥石流易发区,对中亚热带常绿阔叶林中3种优势灌木植物(檵木、麂角杜鹃和香港黄檀)根系进行野外和室内剪切测试,探讨了灌木植物根系增强土壤抗剪切强度的作用。结果表明:须根相对丰富的植物能明显提高表层土壤的抗剪强度;根系抗拉力和抗剪力均与根径呈幂函数正相关关系;檵木和麂角杜鹃根系抗拉强度与根径呈幂函数负相关关系,而香港黄檀根系抗拉强度与根径无明显相关性;细根或比粗根更有利于土壤加固和抗剪强度的提高。     

利用多树种立地形指数对林地质量进行综合评价

目的 采用青海省湟水规模化林场3种常见乔木树种桦木、杨树和青海云杉的立地形指数,通过分析其与生长域的地貌、坡向、坡度、土壤类型、土壤厚度以及年平均气温、年降雨量、年日照辐射等因子的关系,对规模化林场进行立地质量评价,构建林地质量评价综合数据库,指导林场科学造林和科学营林,发挥林地生产力和生态服务价值的目标。方法 根据建模区域范围内的一类清查数据,获取每个样地的优势高,求出该样地的立地形指数。分析立地形指数与地貌、坡向、坡度、土壤类型、土壤厚度以及年平均气温、年降雨量、年日照辐射等因子的关系,利用因子分析法选择影响立地形指数的主导因子,并建立回归模型;根据计算出的3个常见树种的立地形指数的平均值,进行聚类分析,把林地分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ5个等级,并作出林地质量分布图;最后,根据分类结果进行了验证,并提出了相应的经营措施。结果 Ⅰ级林地3 409.37 hm²,占整个林地面积的1.39%;Ⅱ级林地38 765.07 hm²,占15.77%;Ⅲ级林地78 989.17 hm²,占32.14%;Ⅳ级林地77 102.74 hm²,占31.38%;Ⅴ级林地47 477.50 hm²,占19.32%。从整个分类结果来看,规模化林场林地质量等级较低,以Ⅲ、Ⅳ级林地为主;现场验证质量等级正确率为88%,正确率较高。结论 通过一类清查数据中的标准木、样木库、样地库获取优势高的方法可行;评价因子选择了地形因子、土壤因子、气象因子,多因子的引入使评价的结果更为客观,提高了评价的准确性;采用多树种立地指数进行综合评价,特别是对非林地的立地质量进行评价是一种更为有效的方法。     

两种海盘虫(包括一新种)及一种宽海盘虫的记述

记述了寄生于黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus（Basilewsky）与紫红笛鲷Lutjanus argentimaculatus（Forskai）鳃上的海盘虫属一新种及寄生于勒氏笛鲷Lutjanus russelli（Bleek,1849）鳃上的螺管海盘虫Haliotrema spirotubiforum Zhang,2001,长阴宽海盘虫Euryhaliotrema chrysotaeniae （Young,1968）Kritsky＆．Boeger,2002。瘤钩海盘虫,新种Haliotrema tukerhamatus sp．nov．的两对中央大钩钩尖基部有一瘤状突起;背中央大钩和背联结片的形状均相似于Haliotrema longihamus Zhukov,1976,但新种背腹中央大钩形状相同,均没有内外突的分化;腹联结片前缘凹入,中部后缘有一显著的向后凸起,而已知种背腹中央大钩形状相异,腹中央大钩内外突分化明显,腹联结片平直;新种交接管近端多次弯曲,远端环绕一圈,而已知种交接管仅在中部环绕一圈。     

南江峡谷公园陆生贝类物种多样性研究

对南江峡谷公园不同生境陆生软体动物的物种多样性进行了研究,在4个不同生境中进行了定量调查和采集,共获5 000余号标本,经鉴定,得65种,隶属于2个亚纲2目11科36属。多样性分析结果表明:4种不同生境的物种丰富度指数DMA的取值范围在1.092~4.492之间,多样性指数H′的范围是0.812~0.903,均匀度指数Jsw为0.250~0.505。根据不同生境物种的相似性系数CC进行系统聚类,4种生境在相似性系数为0.250水平时以被归并为两组,即原生森林组和次生环境组。原生森林一旦遭受彻底破坏,其内原有的陆生贝类物种种类和数量将会显著下降。     

Overview of bat species reported in Albania with the first country records for eight species

The bat fauna of Albania, a country located in a Balkan glacial refugium and a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, has remained poorly studied although as many as 21 species and representatives of three species complexes had been reported before 2003. It was expected that several new species would be added to the country’s list of fauna, not only due to their occurrence in adjacent regions but to the splitting of already known taxa into sibling species and the discovery of new, cryptic species. Altogether, we recorded 32 bat species in Albania, including all of those previously reported (21) and 11 new species for the country, as a result of field work conducted in 2003–2012. Here, we report on eight bat species including Rhinolophus mehelyi, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Plecotus kolombatovici, Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis brandtii that had not been reported previously in Albania while three species (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Plecotus austriacus, Myotis mystacinus) had been reported before changes to their taxonomy and so could be treated only as representatives of a particular species complex (i.e. sensu lato). We greatly extended the known geographic ranges of five species in the south of Europe.     

A taxonomic review of the genus Exochus Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae) from South Korea with descriptions of ten new species

The South Korean species of the genus Exochus are revised. Ten new species, Exochus acostulatus Lee & Choi, sp. nov., Exochus adentatus Lee & Choi, sp. nov., Exochus areolaris Lee & Choi, sp. nov., Exochus carinalis Lee & Choi, sp. nov., Exochus dentisternum Lee & Choi, sp. nov., Exochus depressus Lee & Choi, sp. nov., Exochus nigritulus Lee & Choi sp. nov., Exochus occipitalis Lee & Choi, sp. nov., Exochus orbitalis Lee & Choi, sp. nov. and Exochus propodealis Lee & Choi, sp. nov., are described. Also, 21 species of this genus are reviewed and newly recorded from South Korea, with diagnoses provided. A key to the South Korean species of Exochus and illustrations of external characters are provided.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B28700A7-9CA7-4AE7-9816-9C8F4CD46160     

New data on sponges from Svalbard Archipelago with a description of a new species of Halicnemia

Sponge fauna from the west and south of Svalbard archipelago was studied. A total of 28 species of sponges were identified. Five of them are new records to the study area and one is new to science. New records for Spitsbergen are: Axinella hispida (Koltun 1959), Haliclona rossica (Hentschel 1929), Myxilla (Myxilla) perspinosa (Lundbeck 1905), Sphaerotylus borealis (Swartschewsky 1906) and Suberites carnosus (Johnston 1842). A new species of sponge, Halicnemia wagini sp. nov., collected south-west of Spitsbergen on the continental slope at a depth of 423–425 m, is described. It is similar to Halicnemia patera (Bowerbank 1864) and H. verticillata (Bowerbank 1866) in skeleton architecture, but significantly differs in its spicule complement and external appearance. Primarily, distinct differences concern the morphology of microscleres. In comparison with Halicnemia patera, the new species has an additional category of acanthose microscleres presented by microstrongyles, while microscleres of H. verticillata are only slightly curved and also verticillately spined. The study area, west of Spitsbergen, establishes close relationships with North Atlantic due to warm Atlantic waters of the West Spitsbergen Current. Proximity of the new species to the North Atlantic representatives of Halicnemia genus allowed us to suggest that H. wagini sp. nov., both ecologically and morphologically, has stood apart as a distinct biological species in the conditions of the Arctic.

http://www.zoobank.org/lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2A09537B-63D7-4F07-A2AB-9C707A686333     

Two new nematodes,Pseudelzalia longiseta gen. nov., sp. nov. and Paramonohystera sinica sp. nov. (Monhysterida: Xyalidae), from sediment in the East China Sea

Pseudelzalia longiseta gen. nov, sp. nov. and Paramonohystera sinica sp. nov. from subtidal sediment in the East China Sea are described. Pseudelzalia is characterized by 6 labial papillae and 10 cephalic setae, cylindrical buccal cavity, elongate (>2 anal body diameter) spicules, and conico-cylindrical tail devoid of terminal setae. It differs from Elzalia by the absence of terminal setae. Pseudelzalia longiseta sp. nov. is 647–853 μm long, has 7–8 μm long cervical setae, 11–14 μm long caudal setae, 25–41 μm long spicules about 2.1–2.7 anal diameter, and pointed tail-tip. Paramonohystera sinica possesses 12 cephalic setae, a character found in four congeners: Paramonohystera buetschlii (Bresslau and Schuurmans Stekhoven in Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1935, Paramonohystera pilosa Boucher, 1971, Paramonohystera concinna Lorenzen, 1977 and Paramonohystera halerba Fadeeva and Belogurov, 1987. It differs from P. buetschlii by shorter body (933–1023 μm versus 2000–2200 μm); from P. pilosa by the much shorter spicules (79–88 μm versus 167 μm) and narrower head (13–16 µm versus 32 µm); from P.concinna by smooth cephalic setae (versus segmented); and from P. halerba by the absence of two rows of setae on the ventral side of the tail (versus present). Based on the evaluation of nominal species, we recognize 14 valid species and provide an emended diagnosis and a tabular key for Paramonohystera.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:474B8F17-AED7-4078-8176-DFC499B78526