Variation in ovariole number within the Aphidoidea

Several different morphs from over 50 species of aphids were dissected and the number of ovarioles recorded for each. By using these results and published data, details of ovariole number in more than 125 species of aphid from seven families were analysed.

Variation in ovariole number between generations was found in six of the seven families studied. Variation within a generation appeared to be restricted to certain subfamilies.

Certain trends in variability of ovariole number appear to be linked with the morph of the aphid, migratory morphs (particularly within the Aphididae) having greater variability than non-migratory morphs. Heteroecious aphids tend to show greater variability than autoecious aphids which, in turn, show greater variability than anholocyclic aphids.     

《植病研究法》课程教学改革与实践

《植病研究法》是植物保护专业的一门专业限选课，为适应新时期植病研究方法课程教学改革与发展的需要，针对植病研究法课程的现状及存在问题，探讨改进教学内容、教学方法与手段以及考核方式的有效途径，旨在为提高教学质量、培养学生对植物病理学研究的兴趣及实际应用能力提供参考。     

‘On the rocks’: reproductive biology of the endemic toad Xanthophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Western Ghats,India

Xanthophryne is a toad genus endemic to the northern Western Ghats of India, with two extant sister species – Xanthophryne koynayensis and Xanthophryne tigerina. Both species are local endemics and endangered. We studied reproductive biology of these toads and found that they are specialized to the lateritic rocky outcrops at mid-elevations in high rainfall areas. Xanthophryne toads have sporadic, multiple spawning bouts lasting 2–4 days during early monsoon. In this explosive breeding behaviour, we observed male toads to engage in ‘pelvic thrusts’, a unique and novel behaviour among anurans. Females oviposit in shallow pools in depressions of lateritic boulders where their tadpoles metamorphose. These ephemeral rocky pools have limited resources and they desiccate rapidly with a break in the rains. To mitigate the stochastic risk of desiccation and subsequent large-scale egg/tadpole mortality, females may disperse their reproductive investment spatially and temporally in multiple clutches, and tadpoles metamorphose rapidly. Here, we describe the amplexus, spawning and male advertisement call, and provide a comparative account of the life history traits of the two Xanthophryne species. These toads face numerous threats and are in need of urgent conservation action. These toads, seemingly well adapted to the isolated rocky outcrops, offer an excellent opportunity to understand endemism, mating systems, anuran ecology and behaviour.     

南京梅花山植物景观营造调查分析

植物专类园能集中表现一个地区甚至国家的植物资源、科学技术和园林艺术等,它对植物资源的保护、开发、利用和生态环境的保护、改善等都具有重要的意义。笔者以南京梅花山为主要研究对象,在现场调查及资料收集的基础上,以人与自然和谐为原则,可持续发展理论思想为指导,运用生态学、园林学等多学科知识对南京梅花山植物配置、景观营造和管理方法等进行了分析。     

基于基因算法的用于系统识别的测试信号的设计

详细介绍了如何用Matlab实现基因算法生成两个不同的具有最小峰值的测试信号,并且把这两个不同的测试信号输入到一个识别工具箱里,通过检验输出的结果来确定这两个测试信号是否适合用作特殊系统的识别.本文所用基因算法产生的测试信号如预期的一样具有最小峰值,但当把这两个测试信号输入到识别工具箱之后,估计系统的矩阵特征值与原始系统的矩阵特征值有很大的差距.产生这种差异的原因主要有两个,一个可能是产生这两个测试信号的长度不够,另一个可能是这两个测试信号非正交.     

植物组织培养实验室开放式管理的实践体会与改进措施

通过多年来对植物组织培养实验室开放管理的改革实践，总结了三种管理模式，探讨了实验室开放对增强大学生创新能力培养的重要性，提出了进一步完善植物组织培养实验室开放式管理的改进措施。     

植物生长物质对牛膝生长及主要药用成分积累的影响

采用不同植物生长物质组合对牛膝幼苗进行喷施处理和植物化学分析相结合的方法,研究植物生长物质对牛膝生长及其主要药用成分合成的影响.结果表明:1.0mg·L-1 IBA+1.0mg·L-1 MJ(T4)协同处理最有利于牛膝地下部分生物量的增加;1.0mg·L-1 IBA+1.0mg·L-1 6-BA(T3)协同处理最有利于牛膝根中齐墩果酸的积累;1.0mg·L-1 IBA+2.0mg·L-1 NAA(T2)和1.0mg·L-1 IBA+1.0mg·L-1 6-BA(T3)处理最有利于牛膝根中蜕皮甾酮的积累.综合考虑各项指标,1.0mg·L-1 IBA+1.0mg·L-1 6-BA(T3)处理无论是对牛膝的生长还是主要药用成分三萜皂苷和蜕皮甾酮的积累均比对照有显著性提高,最有利于牛膝药材产量和品质的提高.     

浙江嵊泗小洋山岛植物分布特点和环境因子分析

浙江嵊泗小洋山岛发育至今,生物、非生物环境因子起着重要作用.其中,成岛年龄、高程、土壤种类、土壤养分、土壤含盐量、土壤p H值等影响着植物群落的形成、定居与演替.在多年野外调查基础上,以时空跨度,运用PC-ORD生态学多变量分析软件中的典范对应分析(CCA)二维排序方法,阐述了小洋山岛植物群落结构和植物多样性,并对该岛植物群落的演替现状和植被恢复进行了二维排序分析.结果表明:(1)小洋山岛植物群落结构复杂多样有维管植物300种;(2)人们对小洋山岛进行各种建设的同时且先锋植物群正在发生,并为研究分析该岛植被恢复及其整个生态系统提供了基础资料.     

Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.