贵州特有植物小黄花茶的物种起源探讨

运用植物系统发育与进化意义上的性状极性比较分析和生物地理学方法探讨了贵州特有植物小黄花茶(CamellialuteofloraY .K .Li)的物种起源与狭限分布问题。小黄花茶喜温喜湿 ,苞被未起分化且数目较多 ,是山茶属中一个较原始的类群 ,它与短柱茶组 (Sect .ParacamelliaChang)和金花茶组 (Sect .ChrysanthaChang)植物具有某些相似表征性状 ,但进化发育的形态结构却有较大差异 ,隶属于山茶亚属下一较原始的独立组—小黄花茶组 (Subgen .Camellia ,Sect .LuteofloraChang)是比较恰当的。根据物种形成原理结合小黄花茶生境与狭限分布的生物地理学特征分析 ,可以推测小黄花茶的物种起源于异域物种形成中的分替 (vicariance ,allopatriespe ciation)型式 ,即来源于地理物种形成     

蒙古高原植物的特有属及其基本特征

首次系统地列出了蒙古高原的１０个特有属沙芥属、连蕊芥属、绵刺属、四合木属、脓疮草属、芯芭属、百花蒿属、紊蒿属、革苞菊属、沙鞭属．这些属全部是单种属或双种属，分类上属于孤立、进化的类群；生态上都是旱生植物，而且沙生植物占优势，绝大多数是荒漠种或半荒漠种，其生活型草本植物占绝对优势；地理分布上集中分布于蒙古高原的阿拉善－鄂尔多斯地区，东阿拉善－西鄂尔多斯是其分布中心；起源上多数是东亚和古地中海植物区系的后裔．     

湖北种子植物区系的中国特有属研究

湖北种子植物区系分布中国特有属７９属，１２０种，隶属于４５科。科属种三者占中国同类的比例分别为５１．１％、２４．６％和１６％，主要分布于鄂西山地。本文主要对湖北种子植物中国特有属的物种组成和特点进行了分析。     

河北中国种子植物特有属初步研究

河北植物区系自然分布中国种子植物特有属18属，含17种2变种，归13科。对河北种子植物特有属分析表明：河北种子植物特有属以残存的古特有属为主，温带性质显著，热带渊源明显；草本属（尤其多年生草本属）占显著优势，占总属数的61.1%，而木本属仅占27.8%。单种属和双种属占明显优势，占总属数的84.2%。中国特有属种无毛独根草（Orestitrophe rupifraga Bunge var.glabrescens W.T.Wang)、缘毛太行花（Taihangia rupestris Yu et Li var.ciliata Yu et Li)（河北无原变种）和长裂太行菊（Opisthopappus longilobum Shih)仅在河北分布。     

Trace element characteristics of a Gorham-Stout Syndrome sufferer

Gorham-Stout Syndrome （GSS） is an infrequent and mysterious bone disease characterized by massive bone dissolving or even disappearing due to an unknown pathogeny. It is quite different from the Itai-itai disease and osteoporosis. In 2001, an 8-year-old boy from a small town in Xinjiang was found to get GSS disease. Some parts of his bones vanished without any external force. Results showed that the concentrations of Cd and Cu, especially Na and K in his hair were far higher than those of the healthy people, and the concentration of Cd was 2 times that of the reference while those of Cr and Zn were insufficient for health. The ratio of K/Na was also higher than that of healthy group. Four different ratios revealed weak bone growth potential and strong bone breakage occurred simultaneously in the GSS sufferer＇s skeletal system. It might be the synergistic effect of the trace elements leading to the baffling syndrome. Further investigation demonstrated that the trace elements can cause a series of diseases, including GSS disease and a typical rheumatoid arthritis （ARA）. Epidemiological investigation also proved that there were about 25% of the inhabitants in the town suffered from an ARA. All of these data implied there was significant relationship among Gorham-Stout Syndrome, ARA and prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc.     

滇西北地区濒危植物的多样性、地理格局及其形成机制

滇西北地区是全球濒危植物多样性的热点分布地区之一。此研究以大尺度的濒危物种分布信息为基础,结合数理统计和GIS空间分析的方法,探讨了滇西北地区濒危植物的多样性、地理分布格局及其形成机制。结果表明,滇西北地区拥有濒危植物64种,分属于60属42科;滇西北地区濒危植物的多样性从南到北呈明显递增的趋势（R2=0．17,P〈0．01）;从空间分布宽度来看,81．3％的濒危植物分布范围狭窄,仅在1～2个县（市）域出现。多元逐步回归分析表明,分布范围狭窄的特有植物的多样性可能是解释研究区域内濒危植物多样性分布格局的主导因素（R2=0．58,p〈0．01）。这意味着滇西北地区濒危植物的形成机制可能与其狭窄生境有关。     

中国南方苦苣苔科植物在喀斯特地貌和丹霞地貌上的适应分化

中国南方同域分布着大面积的喀斯特地貌和丹霞地貌,其形成的异质性生境可能促进物种的分化适应以实现植物物种形成与维持。本文比较研究了中国南方喀斯特地貌和丹霞地貌的土壤与生境差异,分析了苦苣苔科植物在这两类生境上的分布格局、专性程度等,解释这两类生境对苦苣苔科物种分化与特有种维持的可能作用。结果显示:丹霞地貌的土壤更偏酸性,土壤含钾量极高;喀斯特地貌土壤则呈明显碱性,土壤含钙量极高。苦苣苔科植物专性或偏好喀斯特生境的物种有162种(占31.58%),花期集中在4—10月(87.04%);丹霞生境专性或偏好的物种27种,花期集中在8—9月(44.44%)。另外有一部分类群同时在喀斯特地貌和丹霞地貌有着较广的分布,但也存在一定的分化;如在两类生境都有大量分布的闽赣长蒴苣苔,在丹霞地貌上的种群花期较喀斯特种群的约早2个月。这些结果证实,中国南方喀斯特和丹霞地貌不同的土壤性质及相关环境与气候特点,促进了苦苣苔科植物物种分化,可能是我国南方苦苣苔科植物具有较多狭域特有种的一个重要原因。     

一类具有染病年龄结构流行病模型渐近分析

研究了具有一般形式非线性饱和传染率及染病年龄结构的流行病模型的动力学性态,得到了决定疾病绝灭与否的闽值R0,讨论了疾病平衡点的稳定性,当R0〈1时,无病平衡点全局渐近稳定,当R0〉1时,存在不稳定的无病平衡点及唯一稳定的地方病平衡点,疾病持续存在。已有的相关结果可作为本文的推论。     

青藏高原的世界特有蛇种——温泉蛇

温泉蛇是我国青藏高原的特有种．它们是目前仅知可以分布在海拔4000米以上的唯一两种蛇之一,作者在恩师刘承钊院士的组织下,于1973年去西藏考察两栖爬行动物,曾到当雄羊八井采集和观察过温泉蛇,是我国学者观察研究温泉蛇的第一批人员．本世纪以来,虽然我又有机会组织去西藏考察,但年事已高,被同志们劝阻．幸此期我的中青年间事朋友们和研究生们先后有多人去西藏或四川理塘考察,我得以继续关注温泉蛇的研究进展．应中央民族大学生命与环境学院冯今朝院长之嘱,撰写此文,供有志于在青藏高原研究动物的同仁参考。     

Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen): zoogeography,distribution and description of a new species

The animal fauna of the Socotra Archipelago is influenced by three biogeographical regions, the Afrotropical, the Oriental and the Palaearctic. Consequently, the Archipelago shares faunal elements of these three regions in addition to unique endemic taxa. The ant fauna of Socotra Island was studied and is reviewed based on literature and newly collected material. In total, 28 species, belonging to 10 genera and four subfamilies, were collected from the main island. Eighteen of these (64%) are successful invasive species, seven are native (25%), and three are considered endemic (11%), Cardiocondyla longiceps Seifert, Monomorium elghazalyi sp. nov. and Monomorium nimihil Collingwood et al. Two genera are recorded for the first time from the island, Hypoponera Santschi, and Syllophopsis Santschi. Ten species are recorded for the first time, Cardiocondyla mauritanica Forel, Cardiocondyla minutior Forel, Monomorium atomum Forel, Monomorium dichroum Forel, Monomorium exiguum Forel, Pheidole pallidula (Nylander), Syllophopsis cryptobia (Santschi), Tetramorium pauper Forel, Tetramorium transformans Santschi and Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger). Ten invasive species are recorded from Socotra, reflecting human impacts on the Archipelago. These species are Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius), Cardiocondyla emeryi Forel, Monomorium exiguum Forel, Pheidole indica Mayr, Syllophopsis cryptobia (Santschi), Tetramorium lanuginosum Mayr, Tetramorium simillimum (Smith), Tetramorium caldarium (Roger), Trichomyrmex destructor (Jerdon) and Trichomyrmex mayri (Forel). Our survey indicated a mixture of Afrotropical faunal elements (10 species, 36%), followed by cosmopolitan (nine species, 32%), Palaearctic (five species, 18%) and Oriental (four species, 14%) taxa. Two new synonyms of Monomorium exiguum Forel are proposed: Monomorium exiguum Forel = Monomorium baushare Collingwood & Agosti syn. nov. = Monomorium qarahe Collingwood & Agosti syn. nov. Tetramorium transformans Santschi is removed from synonymy with Tetramorium caldarium (Roger) and elevated to species rank. Ecological and biological notes for each species are given. Distribution maps for all species known from the Socotra Archipelago are provided.

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