柴油机暖车阶段未燃碳氢排放影响因素的研究

通过在一台高速直喷式柴油机上的试验,得出了在暖车阶段柴油机未燃碳氢(HC)排放与冷却液温度之间的变化规律以及发动机转速与负荷对未燃HC排放的影响,试验结果表明,暖车时柴油机采用的负荷和转速大小决定了未燃HC排放的多少,当转速一定时,存在一个决定未燃HC排放随冷却液温度变化而有不同趋向的临界负荷,低于此负荷,随着冷却液温度的升高,HC排放浓度趋于下降或基本不变;超过此负荷后,HC排放浓度会随着冷却液温度的升高而增大,另外,研究表明,在负荷相同时,柴油机的未燃HC排放量随着转速的升高而下降,就未燃HC排放总量而言,存在一个未燃HC排放最少的暖车转速和负荷区间。在该区间内,要求发动机应采用较高转速,较低的负荷。     

单光子发射断层成像的奇异值分解重建算法

为了抑制单光子发射断层成像(SPECT)中噪声的影响,提高重建图像的质量和定量精度,应用奇异值分解(SVD)方法进行图像重建。对人体胸腔模型进行Monte-Carlo模拟计算,生成三维SPECT系统传输矩阵和模拟投影图像,求解系统传输矩阵的广义逆矩阵。在有噪声情况下,存在最佳保留奇异值数目,使重建图像质量达到最优。最佳保留奇异值数目的不同体现了噪声的差异。与常规重建方法进行比较,SVD重建算法具有更好的噪声抑制和重建图像质量,是一种值得关注的SPECT图像重建算法。     

Improving photosynthesis of microalgae by changing the ratio of light-harvesting pigments

Changing the ratio of light-harvesting pigments was regarded as an efficient way to improve the photosynthesis rate in microalgae, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, a mutant of Anabeana simensis （called SP） was selected from retrieved satellite cultures. Several parameters related with photosynthesis, such as the growth, photosynthesis rate, the content of photosynthetic pigment, low temperature fluorescence spectrum （77K） and electron transport rate, were compared with those of the wild type. It was found that the change in the ratio of light-harvesting pigments in the mutant led to more efficient light energy transfer and usage in mutant than in the wild type. This may be the reason why the mutant had higher photosynthesis and growth rates.     

Flexible fuel engine based on multi-combustion control technologies

Diesel engines have high thermal efficiency, highdurability and low maintenance costs and are used every-where in the world. However, its poisonous NOx and par-ticulate emissions are harmful to human beings and envi-ronments. How to simultaneously reduce …     

固体氧化物燃料电池系统零排放新思路研究

提出了固体氧化物燃料电池零排放新思路设计，该设计具有高发电效率、温事气体零排放、回收利用二氧化碳以及使用环境友好的可再生循环二氧化碳吸收材料等优点。此外，还介绍了电池构件材料以及二氧化碳吸收材料的制备，最后测试了材料的二氧化碳吸附性能。结果表明最大体积吸收比可高达993倍，最佳吸收温度为700℃，同时可实现在800℃以上2h内将所吸附的二氧化碳完全解析。     

采用电控夹气喷射方法降低内燃机排放研究

提出了采用夹气喷射方法解决二冲程发动机排放的措施，设计了一套针对NFl25摩托车的夹气喷射系统．该系统由燃油支路和空气支路构成，燃油支路采用开环电子控制，空气支路采用机械控制，设计了供气正时旋转阀，并进行了实验研究，该措施在降低排放前提下，能较好地保证动力性、经济性．     

Change of proton motive force across thylakoid membrane in soybean leaf during state transitions

Change of proton gradient across thylakoid membrane in soybean leaves was studied with millisecond delayed light emission(ms-DLE) during the coures of state transitions which were indicated by the cholrophyll fluores-cence at room temperature and 77K.When dark-adapted leaves were induced to state Ⅰ with far-red light,Fm/F0,F685/F735 and the intensity of fast phase of ms-DLE were af-fected slightly.However,during the induction to state Ⅱ with red light,both Fm/F0 and F685/F735 decreased immedi-ately and the former were quicker than the latter.In this interval,the intesity of fast phase of ms-DLE increased to a maximum and then decreased to a lower valus during the transition to stateⅡ.Nigericin,an uncoupler which elimi-nates the proton gradient across thylakoid membrane,inhib-ited the increase in the intensity of fast phase of ms-DLE during the transition to state Ⅱ.Another uncoupler,valino-mycin,which eliminates the membrane potential,did not affect the changes of the intensity of fast phase.These results suggest that the prompt increase in the intensity of fast phase of ms-DLE at the beginning of transitions to state Ⅱ is cor-related mainly with the proton gradient released from water oxidation in photosystemⅡ.     

发电企业实施排污权交易初探

排污权交易作为一种治理环境的有效途径，被一些发达国家所广泛采用，目前，中国电力行业正在进行排污权交易的试点工作。从经济学的角度出发，分析了排污权交易的经济本质，并对排污权交易的体系及其优势进行了探讨，认为在竟价拍卖及无偿转让初始排污权这两种情况下，将会出现同样的排污权交易的均衡点。同时，阐述了建立初始排污权分配制度的方法及实施排污权交易过程中需要注意避免排污权向污染重、能耗大的发电企业流动。     

纳米碳管阴极的场致发射显示研究

以热化学气相沉积法制备的多壁纳米碳管为场发射材料 ,采用一种简易的喷涂法将其制备为场发射阴极 .首先 ,将纯化后的纳米碳管与乙醇和丙酮溶液 (体积比为 9∶1 )进行混合 ;然后用喷枪将经过超声处理的悬浊液喷涂在具有ITO薄膜的玻璃基底上 ,制备了 30mm× 2 0mm大小的纳米碳管阴极 ,并进行了场致发射特性实验 ,制作了场发射显示板 .该二极结构的场发射开启场强为 3 2V/ μm ,发射电流密度可达 3A/m2 .此显示板具有稳定的发射电流和很高的亮度 ,可望应用于大屏幕显示     

掺Eu、Mn的CaSO4磷光体的热释光特性

研制了掺Eu、Mn的CaSO4磷光体 ,测量了它的热释光的二维和三维发光谱 ,发现不同的热处理温度 ,可以改变样品中Eu2 + 与Eu3+ 的浓度比 ,提高热处理温度可以增强Eu3+ 的热释光高温峰 ,降低Eu3+ 的低温峰。Mn的掺入大大提高了Eu2 + 发光峰强度 ,表明Mn离子与Eu2 + 之间有能量转移。