Giving up on convergence and autonomy: Why the theories of psychology and neuroscience are codependent as well as irreconcilable

There is a long-standing debate in the philosophy of mind and philosophy of science regarding how best to interpret the relationship between neuroscience and psychology. It has traditionally been argued that either the two domains will evolve and change over time until they converge on a single unified account of human behaviour, or else that they will continue to work in isolation given that they identify properties and states that exist autonomously from one another (due to the multiple-realizability of psychological states). In this paper, I argue that progress in psychology and neuroscience is contingent on the fact that both of these positions are false. Contra the convergence position, I argue that the theories of psychology and the theories of neuroscience are scientifically valuable as representational tools precisely because they cannot be integrated into a single account. However, contra the autonomy position, I propose that the theories of psychology and neuroscience are deeply dependent on one another for further refinement and improvement. In this respect, there is an irreconcilable codependence between psychology and neuroscience that is necessary for both domains to improve and progress. The two domains are forever linked while simultaneously being unable to integrate.     

上海市宝山工业区环境空气中甲苯与苯酚的测量

运用差分光谱吸收(DOAS)技术,于2010年11月至2011年3月对上海市宝山工业区大气中的苯系物进行了连续的观测.观测结果发现,当地环境空气中甲苯和苯酚的浓度较高,均值分别为(67.2±7.1)μg/m3和(1.8±0.3)μg/m3,二者的相关系数为0.69,说明其具有相近的源;现发现苯酚的浓度显著偏高于交通源观测结果,表明其源更为复杂.对苯系物浓度数据的统计分析显示:极大值多出现在晚间(18:00~24:00)并具有较强的瞬时特征,与工业点源排放有关.甲苯和苯酚均呈现"双峰态"的日变化规律,峰值出现在8:00及20:00左右,且工作日浓度高于周末.结合与硫氧化物及氮氧化物的相关性分析发现:当地的苯系物浓度与工业排放、机动车尾气贡献、污染物扩散条件以及光化学反应过程有不同程度的相关性.     

采用自定义阈值的计算奇异扰动在构建二甲醚简化机理上的应用

将自定义误差阈值的计算奇异扰动(CSP)应用于包含55种物质和290步反应的二甲醚的详细机理上，构建了包含26种物质和20步反应的简化机理.开发了一套基于该算法的计算机程序--I-CSP.程序的输入数据包括:① 详细的反应机理；② 在Chemkin中计算的结果；③ 准稳态物质的数量.然后,将简化机理在均匀的反应器(包括自燃反应器和完全搅拌器)中进行验证.结果发现，计算结果与详细机理相比符合得相当好; 但当在非均匀反应器(一维、稳态、自由扩展预混合火焰)中验证时，结果显示出一定偏差.     

基于气基直接还原-熔分的硼铁矿高效利用新工艺

实验室条件下,以含硼铁精矿为原料制备氧化球团,对含硼铁精矿气基竖炉直接还原-电炉熔分新工艺进行了研究.结果表明,含硼铁精矿是良好的造球原料,1 200℃下焙烧20 min后,成品球团抗压强度可达2 500 N以上,满足气基竖炉直接还原工艺要求.在H2与CO体积比大于2/5且温度在850~1 000℃条件下,含硼铁精矿氧化球团还原率达到95%的时间为15~60 min,还原膨胀率不高于15%.在高温下电热熔化DRI后硼和铁可以高效分离,硼、铁收得率均可达到98%以上,富硼渣中B2O3的质量分数在21%以上,活性可达89%左右,是"一步法"生产硼酸的优良原料.含硼铁精矿气基竖炉直接还原电炉熔分新工艺可以实现硼铁高效分离和清洁利用.     

电喷汽油机燃用大比例含水乙醇汽油的试验

在一台JL368Q双燃料多点电喷发动机上进行台架试验,对比分析了3种含水乙醇汽油(E15W、E30W、E50W)的动力性、经济性和排放特性.结果表明:在汽油机结构及参数未做任何调整下,低速时,含水乙醇汽油的转距、功率和93#汽油基本相当,随着转速增大,E15W、E50W略低于93#汽油,E30W仍和汽油基本相当;油耗率E15W比汽油低大约0.35%,随着含醇量的增大,油耗率逐渐升高;3种乙醇汽油的NOx排放均略高于93#汽油,但CO的排放都低于93#汽油,E30W的CO排放在整个测试区间最优.随着含醇量的增加,HC排放能得到不断的改善.     

一种基于属性相关性度量的朴素贝叶斯分类模型

本文通过分析属性相关性的度量和属性约简,提出一种基于属性相关性度量的朴素贝叶斯分类模型EANBC。实验结果表明,与朴素贝叶斯分类模型相比,EANBC分类模型具有较高的分类正确率。     

负载型钼氧化物催化剂NH3选择性催化还原NOx

通过浸渍法制备了Mo/TiO2,Mn-Mo/TiO2和Mo-Mn/TiO2三种催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、拉曼光谱(LRS)、原位红外(in situ FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术进行相关的微观表征分析.在模拟氨气选择性催化还原NO的反应条件下(NH3-SCR)对催化剂的脱硝反应...     

超声波浸渍法制备MnOx/TiO2催化剂低温选择性催化还原NO

采用超声波浸渍法、传统浸渍法和溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列的MnOx/TiO2催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、原位红外(in situ FT-IR)、高分辨率扫描电镜(HRTEM)程序升温还原(TPR)等技术进行表征,同时在模拟氨气选择性催化还原NO的反应条件下( NH3-SCR)对催化剂的低温反应...     

基于样本的等距特征映射的行为分析方法

针对运动捕捉数据分析和应用的效率要求,提出了一种基于样本-Isomap的行为分析方法.通过计算运动数据中样本帧的距离矩阵得到样本嵌入空间的特征向量,用其近似表示嵌入空间的特征向量,然后在该空间上计算非样本帧的投影,得到非样本帧的近似流形嵌入.结果表明当样本帧的选取比例在10%时可以近似得到整个运动数据的低维流形嵌入,且处理效率比原方法提高10倍以上.应用该算法对高维运动捕捉数据进行降维,能够提高运动捕捉数据分析和应用的效率.     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.