The cytotoxicity of eosinophil cationic protein/ribonuclease 3 on eukaryotic cell lines takes place through its aggregation on the cell membrane

Human eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)/ ribonuclease 3 (RNase 3) is a protein secreted from the secondary granules of activated eosinophils. Specific properties of ECP contribute to its cytotoxic activities associated with defense mechanisms. In this work the ECP cytotoxic activity on eukaryotic cell lines is analyzed. The ECP effects begin with its binding and aggregation to the cell surface, altering the cell membrane permeability and modifying the cell ionic equilibrium. No internalization of the protein is observed. These signals induce cell-specific morphological and biochemical changes such as chromatin condensation, reversion of membrane asymmetry, reactive oxygen species production and activation of caspase-3-like activity and, eventually, cell death. However, the ribonuclease activity component of ECP is not involved in this process as no RNA degradation is observed. In summary, the cytotoxic effect of ECP is attained through a mechanism different from that of other cytotoxic RNases and may be related with the ECP accumulation associated with the inflammatory processes, in which eosinophils are present. Received 26 October 2007; accepted 23 November 2007     

Molecular mechanisms of phagocytic uptake in mammalian cells

Phagocytosis is a highly conserved, complex process that has evolved to counter the constant threat posed by pathogens, effete cells and debris. Classically defined as a mechanism for internalising and destroying particles greater than 0.5 mum in size, it is a receptor-mediated, actin-driven process. The best-studied phagocytic receptors are the opsono-receptors, FcgammaR and CR3. Phagocytic uptake involves actin dynamics including polymerisation, bundling, contraction, severing and depolymerisation of actin filaments. Recent evidence points to the importance of membrane remodelling during phagocytosis, both in terms of changes in lipid composition and delivery of new membrane to the sites of particle binding. Here we review the molecular mechanisms of phagocytic uptake and some of the strategies developed by microbial pathogens to manipulate this process.     

聚氨酯材料在生物医学中的研究进展

聚氨酯是一种合成的高分子化合物,有较好的机械性能、高弹性和理想的生物相容性,被广泛地用于生物医学领域。本文综述了聚氨酯在凝胶材料、弹性体材料、膜材料以及抗菌材料等方面的研究现状及应用前景。     

巨峰葡萄胚培养技术的研究

选用巨峰葡萄在花后35～60 d,取其胚接种在含有GA3I、AA、6-BA的不同激素水平MS培养基上进行胚挽救,以研究葡萄的幼胚培养技术.结果表明,巨峰葡萄在花后60 d效果最好.在附加GA30.5 mg/LI、AA1.0 mg/L、6-BA0.5 mg/L的最佳培养基上得到了(76.0±16.7)%的发育率和(69.1±13.1)%的成苗率.     

固定化植物酯酶-显色剂传感膜的制备与性能

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)与四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)通过原位溶胶-凝胶法制备了PVA/SiO2有机/无机杂化溶胶,并将显色剂和植物酯酶分散于溶胶中,干燥成膜,得到一类透明度高、亲水-亲丙酮性可调、贮存性好的传感膜.该传感膜在乙酸-α-萘酯溶液中,会于可见光520 nm处出现一个新的吸收峰.传感膜在制备后的12天内活性明显下降,之后基本保持稳定,并且冷藏活性下降率要比室温保存的小很多.但不论是冷藏还是在室温下保存,被固定在杂化膜中的酶活稳定性都比在溶液状态下的明显提高.     

粉末活性炭-超滤膜工艺净化松花江水

为了研究超滤(UF)技术对地表水的处理效果,建造了一座120吨/天的中试规模的膜处理水厂.以松花江水为水源,用粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附作为超滤的预处理工艺,组成了PAC-UF系统.结果表明:PAC-UF工艺的出水浊度在0.15NTU左右,而且不受进水浊度的影响;原水不经过PAC吸附直接超滤时,膜出水有机物浓度和膜进水有机物浓度存在线性关系;UF对UV254的平均去除率在10%左右,对溶解性有机碳(DOC)的平均去除率在8%左右;加入PAC吸附后对有机物的去除有明显提高.     

PAN中空纤维超滤膜污染与膜阻力测定

对膜污染问题进行了研究,指出浓差极化、滤饼层形成和膜孔堵塞是造成膜污染的主要原因。同时测定了PAN膜阻力．试验结果表明,PAN膜超滤过程中主要阻力来源为膜孔吸附、凝胶层及浓差极化等引起的膜污染阻力,占总阻力的71．61％。膜自身阻力和不可逆阻力分别占与总阻力的28．39％和11．76％,所占与比例较小,有利于实际应用。     

乳状液膜技术在环境保护中的应用

乳状液膜分离技术是一种新兴的节能型分离手段。介绍了乳状液膜分离技术,综述乳状液膜技术在环境保护方面的应用进展情况。     

MFI型分子筛膜晶内孔道的在线CVD调变

采用在线化学气相沉积(CVD)法对全硅MFI型分子筛膜进行晶内孔道修饰,考察晶间缺陷对膜晶内孔道修饰效果的影响。采用硅烷水解法对缺陷较多的膜进行缺陷孔的修补,结合扫描电子显微(SEM),观察膜微结构的变化。结果表明:分子筛膜表面缺陷显著影响晶内孔道调变效果。500℃时,缺陷较少的膜经晶内修饰后H2/CO2分离因子由修饰前的2.7提高到42.3,H2渗透性由2.25×10-7mol/(m2.s.Pa)降至1.52×10-7mol/(m2.s.Pa)。经缺陷修补后的分子筛膜,其晶内修饰后的H2/CO2分离因子比未修补的膜有一定幅度的提高。     

含咪唑基磺化聚酰亚胺质子交换膜的制备及性能

将1,4,5,8 萘四酸二酐（NTDA）与不同的磺化二胺单体、5 氨基 （2 对氨基苯）苯并咪唑（APABI）及9,9’ 对(4 氨基苯基)芴（BAPF）在间甲酚介质中进行缩聚，通过控制磺化二胺与其他二胺单体的摩尔比，合成了一系列具有不同离子交换容量（IEC）的含咪唑基磺化聚酰亚胺（Im SPI）.同时，用溶液浇注法制得了具有良好机械强度的磺化聚酰亚胺薄膜，这些磺化聚酰亚胺薄膜在较高的相对湿度下显示出与Nafion112相当甚至更高的质子导电率，咪唑基的引入显著提高了膜的抗自由基氧化性，但膜的耐水性没有明显变化.