内外双层锥面熔体微分静电纺丝实验研究

为了进一步提高单喷头纤维的产量,在熔体微分静电纺丝的基础上,设计开发了一种结合内外锥面的双层熔体微分静电纺丝装置。通过COMSOL Multiphysics数值仿真软件对其电场进行对比分析,得出增加的内层锥面对外层电场有一定的削弱作用。通过实验分析了内层锥面伸出距离对内外层射流的影响,找到了最佳参数,并且在此参数下,验证了不同电压下的纺丝效果,结果表明,随着电压的增加,内外层锥面电场增加程度相同,内外层纤维直径达到了均匀分布。最后分别采用吹风和吸风辅助对纤维进行了细化,为静电纺丝法制备超细纤维的产业化提供参考。     

超声法制备α-甲壳素纳米纤维及气凝胶

 为高效利用海生节肢类废弃物,采用化学预处理结合超声法处理废弃蟹壳,从中分离制备α-甲壳素纳米纤维（α-NCF）,同时制备了甲壳素纳米纤维气凝胶（NCA）材料。采用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、X 射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）和BET 比表面积测定,对制备的α-NCF 和NCA 的形态特征、结晶特性、化学结构和比表面积进行了测试表征。结果表明,制备的α-NCF 为丝状交联结构,直径约为20 nm;FTIR 表明化学预处理可有效脱除蟹壳中的蛋白质和矿物质;制备的α-NCF的结晶度为85.4%,具有较好的结晶性;制备的NCA 的比表面积为133 m²/g,且柔性可折叠。研究结果为高效开发利用海洋生物质资源提供了一定的研究思路和理论指导。     

静电纺定向排列纳米纤维阵列的研究

借助静电纺工艺,可以获得定向排列纤维,这些纤维具有细胞培养的培养基、组织工程支架、补强材料以及电子材料等较多的潜在用途.利用一种简单的接收装置同时获得了8组定向排列的静电纺纳米纤维阵列,这种接收装置是由8根交于中心的不锈钢棒组成.通过光学显微镜以及电镜观察可以发现,沿单轴定向排列的亚微米纤维横跨于两根临近不锈钢棒中间,整体外观与蜘蛛网相似.研究了电压和接收时间对纤维定向排列的影响,结果发现,随着电压的增加,定向排列的纤维长度会增加,而且,随着收集时间的增加,定向排列纤维产量和纤维的定向排列程度都会增加.实验结果表明,这种方法不仅简单、价廉而且产量高,同时还可以赋予纤维阵列较高的定向排列程度.     

Effect of LiCl in Polymer Solution on the Instable Part of Electrospinning Nanofibers:Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Verification

In this paper,the theoretical analysis proves that the relationship between radius r of jet and the axial distance z from the onset of whipping instability follows an allometric law in the form r∝z-1/4 whatever surface charge parameter α is.Polyvinylalcohol(PVA)was used to study the effect of surface charge on the variation of jet diameter with axial coordinate after the onset of whipping instability during electrospinning by adding LiCl.The experiment shows that the relationship between radius r of jet and the axial distance z from the onset of whipping instability also follows the law in the form r∝z-1/4 when the content of LiCl is from 0.2 wt% to 4 wt%.That is,the law does not depend upon the content of salt,and the theoretical prediction agrees quite well with the experimental data.     

静电纺丝纳米纤维膜在水处理中的应用现状

水污染一直是全球工业化和社会经济快速发展过程中亟需解决的问题。静电纺丝纳米纤维膜因具有均一性好、比表面积大、孔隙率高以及表面粗糙度高等优点,在处理水污染问题方面具有广阔的应用前景。综述了静电纺丝纳米纤维膜在处理各种水污染问题中的应用现状,主要包括去除水中的染料、重金属离子、抗生素及有害细菌等4个方面,并对未来的发展方向做出展望。     

基于静电纺丝技术制备Zn2+掺杂TiO2纳米纤维

用静电纺丝法制得聚苯乙烯(PS)/钛酸丁脂(Ti(OC4H9)4)/醋酸锌(Zn(CH3COO)2.H2O)复合纤维,经焙烧后得到均一直径、具有较高比表面积和多孔结构的TiO2/ZnO复合纳米纤维。并对所制得的纳米纤维的分别采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析测试手段进行了表征。结果表明:煅烧温度、聚苯乙烯浓度对纤维的直径和形貌有很大影响。     

Effects of Volume Ratios of Water Phase to Oily Phase on Morphology and Releasing Performance of Emulsion Electrospun Fibers

Emulsion electrospinning as a novel process in spinning core-sheath fibers shows a promising potential in drug release control. The volume ratio of water phase to oily phase is one of the critical parameters in forming core-sheath fibers. In this study, water phase was presented by hydrophilic tetracycline hydrochloride and oily phase by hydrophobic poly （E-caprolactone） （PCL）. The effects of volume ratios of water phase to oily phase on fiber morphology and in vitro drug release were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy （ SEM ）, transmission electron microscopy （ TEM）, and eonfoeal laser scanning microscopy（CLSM） were used to observe the morphology, core.sheath structure of the fibers and drug loading in the fibers, respectively. Samples of three different volume ratios of water phase to oily phase, 1： 25, 1：15, and 1：10, were prepared with the same concentration of drug solution. Experiment results showed that, with an increase in the volume ratios of water phase to oily phase, the fiber diameter increased and diameter distribution scattered. The drug entrapment efficiency of the fibers reduces with the increase in volume ratios, L e. , from 73.48 % in the ratio of 1 ： 25, 62.23 % in 1 ： 15, down to 45.63 % in 1：10. In vitro release tests showed that a higher volume ratio of water phase to oily phase would lead to a lower release rate resulted from thicker fiber sheath.     

静电纺丝及其在纳米复合材料制备中的应用研究

本文介绍了静电纺丝的发展史、原理、设备及其在复合材料制备中的应用.借助于静电力的纺丝过程被称为静电纺丝.静电纺丝可以制备直径在微米以下甚至纳米级的纤维.近年来,随着纳米技术的兴起,静电纺丝受到研究者们的广泛重视.静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维可直接用于制备纳米复合材料,也可经高温处理后成为纳米碳纤维,后者在复合材料中也有很大的潜在用途.     

Applications of electrospun nanofibers

Polymeric nanofiber non-woven materials produced by electrospinning have extremely high surface-to-mass （or volume） ratio and a porous structure with excellent pore-interconnectivity. These characteristics plus the functionalities and surface chemistry of the polymer itself impart the nanofibers with desirable properties for a range of advanced applications. This review summarizes the recent progress in electrospun nanofibers, with an emphasis on their applications.     

静电纺丝法制备有序排列的纳米纤维最新进展

静电纺丝法是一种制备功能材料纳米纤维的比较简单通用的方法。一般情况下制备的纤维是直径从微米到纳米尺度不等且排列无序的纤维。近年来,有序排列的纳米纤维由于其自身独特的电学、磁学以及光学等方面的物理性质,引起了人们广泛的关注。通过改变静电纺丝仪的收集极或内部电场分布,可以制备有序排列的纳米纤维。综述了近年来报道的几种收集有序排列的纳米纤维的方法。