New World legume-feeding psyllids of the genus Aphalaroida Crawford (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea)

Aphalaroida comprises a compact group of nine species feeding on mimosoid legume host plants in the southern USA and Central America. The species, acaciae Crawford, californica Tuthill, inermis Crawford, lysilomae sp. n., masonici (Caldwell), pithecolobia Crawford, prosopis Crawford, rauca sp. n. and spinifera Crawford, are keyed out and data are given on host plants and distributions. Characters previously used to separate species are unreliable, and there is strong evidence to suggest that some species are polymorphic with respect to fore wing pattern. This had led to much confusion, with type series often containing mixtures of species. Fore wing shape, the form of male and female terminalia, the shape of the genae and the presence/distribution of glandular hairs are the most reliable diagnostic characters.     

I ain’t afraid of no ghost

This paper criticizes the traditional philosophical account of the quantization of gauge theories and offers an alternative. On the received view, gauge theories resist quantization because they feature distinct mathematical representatives of the same physical state of affairs. This resistance is overcome by a sequence of ad hoc modifications, justified in part by reference to semiclassical electrodynamics. Among other things, these modifications introduce ”ghosts”: particles with unphysical properties which do not appear in asymptotic states and which are said to be purely a notational convenience. I argue that this sequence of modifications is unjustified and inadequate, making it a poor basis for the interpretation of ghosts. I then argue that gauge theories can be quantized by the same method as any other theory. On this account, ghosts are not purely notation: they are coordinates on the classical configuration space of the theory—specifically, on its gauge structure. This interpretation does not fall prey to the standard philosophical arguments against the significance of ghosts, due to Weingard. Weingard’s argumentative strategy, properly applied, in fact tells in favor of ghosts’ physical significance.     

The haemoproteids of the Old World avian families Alaudidae (larks), Irenidae (leaf birds), and Motacillidae (wagtails and pipits)

The haemoproteids of the Old World passeriform families Alaudidae, Irenidae and Motacillidae are reviewed. Haemoproteus alaudae Celli and Sanfelice, 1891 of the Alaudidae and H. aegithinae de Mello, 1937 of the Irenidae are re-described and neohapantotypes designated. Haemoproteus anthi de Mello, 1937 from the Motacillidae is re-described and H. motacillae n. sp. is also described from this family.     

我国商业车险奖惩系统的构建与评价

在商业车险定价中,通常根据保单的先验风险特征信息建立广义线性模型来厘定先验费率,然后根据保单的历史索赔信息应用奖惩系统对先验费率进行调整.本文基于一组商业车险保单2010-2015年的索赔次数数据,分别在泊松-伽马分布假设和负二项-贝塔分布假设下构建了奖惩系统,运用贝叶斯方法和极大似然法估计了模型参数,测算了奖惩系数,并与我国现行的奖惩系数进行了比较.实证研究结果表明,我国现行奖惩系统的设计结构比较单一,对保单经验索赔信息的使用不充分,且奖惩幅度过于温和.本文构建的奖惩系统充分利用了保单的先验风险特征信息与历史索赔信息,有效避免了对保单的重复性奖励和惩罚,提高了费率厘定结果的准确性和合理性.     

论高校历史教学中学生自主学习能力的培养

从历史教学的课堂教学、课外阅读、田野考察等几个方面培养学生自主学习能力，将对行为的理解与对社会结构的动态把握恰当地结合起来，以实现对学生独立研究能力的培养。     

基于强互惠理论的漳河流域跨界水资源冲突水量协调方案设计

水量的分配方案在一定程度上影响因水量短缺引发的跨界水资源冲突的发展进程.从政府强互惠的角度入手，设计水量协调方案，寻求漳河流域跨界水资源冲突的协调途径是一个新的视角.基于这一思想，从政府的强互惠政策角度对漳河流域跨界水资源冲突系 统建模，从经济效益和社会效益两方面建立政府Agent和用水Agent 的目标函数，以强互惠表现的节水激励和水权交易为例，分别建立强互惠下的节水激励模型和水权交易模型，通过粒子 群优化算法求解，得出两种政策下漳河流域跨界水资源冲突的水量协调方案.水量的协调方案表明：政府强互惠的表现——节水激励和水权交易可以重新调整漳河流域的水量分配方案，以此来减少缺水量，协调漳河流域的跨界水资源冲突.     

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae,Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae

This paper, which presents an annotated checklist of the ‘lower Nymphalidae’ (Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae), is the fourth in a series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. Four genera of lower Nymphalidae (Danaus, Amauris, Bicyclus, Charaxes), with a total of 11 included species, are known or believed to occur within the main forest zone, from c. 1800 to 2800 m. Of these, only three species of Charaxes (Charaxes berkeleyi, Charaxes ansorgei, Charaxes xiphares) may be restricted locally to this primary forest. The lower slopes fauna, below 1800 m, is considerably richer, with a total of 11 genera and 41 species listed (8 species of which extend into the forest zone). Possible additional species, dubious earlier records, problems with African subspecies of Danaus chrysippus, a need for more work on certain Satyrinae, and classification of the genus Charaxes are discussed. An identification key to the subfamilies of Nymphalidae, and the 19 genera of Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae that occur in Tanzania, together with a key to the adults of all the species of these four subfamilies considered to occur or have occurred on Kilimanjaro, with 206 colour images, are included as online Supplementary Information.     

基于物联网技术的医院嵌入式移动病历的信息存储

嵌入式移动病历系统是物联网环境下医院无线移动诊疗实现的关键,其相关信息的存储与表示是医院无线移动诊疗的核心内容.分析了嵌入式移动病历存储信息的内容,搭建并设计了该平台下的PML信息服务器,最后给出了一个具体的嵌入式移动病历的PML表示实例及在PML信息服务器上的相关查询示例,为后续物联网环境下移动病历应用平台的开发以及将来医院物联网的实施奠定了基础     

上海软土地区钢管桩受力特性现场试验研究

结合上海地区某工程项目开展2组钢管桩试桩现场试验.根据静载试验实测数据,分析Q-s曲线和桩身轴力分布曲线以研究承载变形特性.研究成果对该地区及类似地质条件下超长大直径桩的设计提供有益的参考.     

康威-麦斯威尔-泊松分布及其统计与概率性质

康威-麦斯威尔-泊松分布是一个有用的离散分布,它是扩展的两参数泊松分布,有关此分布的统计和概率性质被广泛研究和探索;文章以矩母函数为工具讨论了该分布的数字特征和矩,给出了参数点估计的隐式方程和费希尔信息矩阵;最后研究了参数的共轭分布、共轭分布的边际分布和条件分布.