SiAlON材料的氧化行为

SiAlON材料在高温氧化气氛下的氧化行为和氧化机理一直是材料科学领域关注的焦点.本文综述了SiAlON材料氧化的相关研究,分析对比了单相和复相SiAlON材料的氧化行为,讨论了SiAlON材料的氧化影响因素以及氧化机理,指出了SiAlON材料氧化研究存在的问题.     

燃料电池系统热管理子系统建模与温度控制

燃料电池电堆的温度分布对燃料电池的安全与寿命有重要影响。该文分析了车用质子交换膜燃料电池系统热管理子系统的结构,并建立热管理子系统的动态模型。在此基础上对燃料电池温度控制算法进行研究,针对热管理子系统大惯性和大迟延的特点,设计了基于预测的智能P ID算法。该算法采用简化的热管理子系统模型预测电堆温度变化趋势并进行提前控制,能显著减小超调。试验结果表明,该算法能实现±0.5℃的控制精度,控制效果良好。     

单电子存储器存储时间的Monte Carlo模拟

建立了多隧道结单电子存储器存储时间的Monte Carlo模拟模型,重点分析了器件的工作温度、隧道结电容和隧道结数目等因素对单电子存储器存储时间的影响,给出了用Monte Carlo模拟方法模拟单电子存储器存储时间的模拟流程和方法。计算结果表明,当温度越低、隧道结电容越小、电路中隧道结的数目越多时,存储时间越长,器件工作越稳定。     

一种Brokaw带隙电压基准的分析与设计

目的在分析运算放大器对带隙基准影响的基础上,分析并设计一种Brokaw(2.5V,13.3×10-6/℃)的带隙电压基准。方法以Brokaw带隙基准电压源结构为基础来进行设计。结果经过上华0.6μm Bicmos工艺的仿真,在温度-40℃到 85℃的变化范围内,基准电压变化范围为2.5±0.001V。其温度系数为13.3×10-6/℃。结论电路完成了一阶温度补偿,温度漂移较小。     

Relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomalies

Using the tropical cyclone (TC) data derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the sea surface temperature data derived from the Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center (JEDAC) at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from January 1955 to December 2000, we analyzed the relationship between the TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the Pacific basin. A long-term trend indicated that the highest frequency of monthly TC genesis appeared earlier and the annual genesis sum increased gradually during the last half century with some oscillations. No significant synchronous correlation was found between the NWP TC events and the SSTA over the Pacific basin, while the annual sum of TC genesis was closely related with the SSTA averaged from the first three months (January, February and March) of the year in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and over mid-high latitudes of the North Pacific. The results implied that there are an interannual El Nio SSTA mode in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and an interdecadal SSTA mode in the northern Pacific, which affected the TC genesis. A regression analysis between the first three-month SSTA and the annual TC sum based on two time scales was conducted. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed TC sums reached a high value of 0.77.     

石刁柏三种不同类型愈伤组织扫描电镜观察

以石刁柏嫩茎为外植体诱导初始愈伤组织,以初始愈伤组织诱导胚性和非胚性愈伤组织,对3种不同类型愈伤组织进行扫描电镜观察,结果表明,3种不同类型愈伤组织在形态和结构上存在着较大的差别.     

相似模拟实验中光纤光栅传感测试的温度补偿

为了提高光纤光栅的测试水平，研究了相似模拟实验中光纤光栅传感测试的温度补偿方法。采用了不受力温度补偿法。将温度补偿光栅埋设于模型外的相似材料模块中。模型开采过程中模块仅感受温度的变化，不受任何外力；模型内的测试光栅同时感受温度和应变的变化。实验表明，在外界温度变化的情况下，温度的影响作用明显，因此，剔除温度的影响很有必要。使用不受力法可以消除温度的影响，解决了相似模拟实验中光栅测试的交叉敏感问题，提高了测试的精度。     

Relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomalies

Using the tropical cyclone (TC) data derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the sea surface temperature data derived from the Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center (JEDAC) at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from January 1955 to December 2000, we analyzed the relationship between the TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the Pacific basin. A long-term trend indicated that the highest frequency of monthly TC genesis appeared earlier and the annual genesis sum increased gradually during the last half century with some oscillations. No significant synchronous correlation was found between the NWP TC events and the SSTA over the Pacific basin, while the annual sum of TC genesis was closely related with the SSTA averaged from the first three months (January, February and March) of the year in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and over mid-high latitudes of the North Pacific. The results implied that there are an interannual El Nio SSTA mode in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and an interdecadal SSTA mode in the northern Pacific, which affected the TC genesis. A regression analysis between the first three-month SSTA and the annual TC sum based on two time scales was conducted. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed TC sums reached a high value of 0.77.     

Meteorological observations on Mount Everest in 2005

Mount Everest,the highest point on the Earth is often referred to as the earth's third pole as such the place is relatively inaccessible and little is known about its meteorology.In April 2005,an automatic weather station was installed at the mountain's North Col(6523 m a.s.l.).According to the observational 10-minute mean and daily records,the meteorological characteristics were analyzed. All the meteorological elements displayed obvious diurnal variations during May 1 to July 22,2005.The monthly variation of daily meteo- rological elements on Mount Everest coincided with that on Dingri,the closest routine meteorological station,with the high correlation co- efficients of 0.928,0.877,0.682,0.755,0.826 and 0.676(n=83,p<0.001)for mean temperature,minimum temperature,max- imum temperature,relative humidity,pressure and wind speed,respectively.Furthermore,the vertical mean gradient of temperature was above 0.6℃/100 m,especially for the daily maximum temperature.Most weather events on Mount Everest prominently appeared on the same day as those on Dingri,especially those from daily mean pressure,temperature and relative humidity with the cross-correlation coeffi- cients of 0.673,0.485 and 0.487(n=83,p<0.001),respectively.Some other weather events on Mount Everest lagged one-day be- hind those on Dingri.Furthermore,forecasting of the weather events on Mount Everest from pressure on Dingri was more reliable than those from the other meteorological elements.The conclusions are much important for research on meteorology and climate changes in the region.     

Daily variation of carbon flux in soils of Populus euphratica forests in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River

In order to lucubrate the daily variation of respiration in soils of Populus euphratica forests and analyze its relationship with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the LI-8100 instrument of soil CO2 flux system was used to measure the parameters of soil carbon flux and air temperature 10 cm above ground surface along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, and the relationships between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content were analyzed. The nonlinear regression analysis was carried out with the software SPSS13.0. We observed that: (1) soil respiration began to be restrained when the air temperature was up to 30℃10 cm above the ground surface; (2) the rates of soil respiration under the forests of Populus euphratica were significantly different at various moisture contents, the soil carbon flux was high along the Usyman profile, which has a high soil moisture content, and it was low along the profiles of Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, which has a low soil moisture content; (3) the exponential model can be used to explain the relationship between soil respiration and air temperature 10 cm above the ground surface. The average Q10 values along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday are 0. 61, 0.16, 0. 22 and 0. 35 respectively, much lower than the average of the world; (4) there is a positive correlation between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content.