Dissection of a novel molecular determinant mediating Golgi to trans-Golgi network transition

Two major functions of the Golgi apparatus (GA) are formation of complex glycans and sorting of proteins destined for various subcellular compartments or secretion. To fulfill these tasks proper localization of the accessory proteins within the different sub-compartments of the GA is crucial. Here we investigate structural determinants mediating transition of the two glycosyltransferases β-1,4- galactosyltransferase 1 (gal-T1) and the α-1,3-fucosyltransferase 6 (fuc-T6) from the trans-Golgi cisterna to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Upon treatment with the ionophore monensin both glycosyltransferases are found in TGN-derived swollen vesicles, as determined by confocal fluorescence microscopy and density gradient fractionation. Both enzymes carry a signal consisting of the amino acids E₅P₆ in gal-T1 and D₂P₃ in fuc-T6 necessary for the transition of these glycosyltransferases from the trans-Golgi cisterna to the TGN, but not for their steady state localization in the trans-Golgi cisterna. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Received 30 July 2008; received after revision 17 September 2008; accepted 29 September 2008     

高频雷达中LFMCW信号的分析

高频雷达在现代战争和民用事业上发挥着越来越重要的作用 ,线性调频连续波 ( L FMCW)信号是高频雷达常采用的信号形式。就 L FMCW信号在高频雷达中的应用作了具体分析 ,并导出了其差频相位的具体表达式 ,它表现出了要检测的各量的物理意义 ,对检测的方法提供了理论依据。在此基础上 ,利用二维 FFT处理技术对目标回波信号的信息提取进行了仿真 ,并对仿真结果进行了分析     

Family I.3 lipase: bacterial lipases secreted by the type I secretion system

Based on the classification of bacterial lipolytic enzymes, family I.3 lipase is a member of the large group of Gram-negative bacterial true lipases. This lipase family is distinguished from other families not only by the amino acid sequence, but also by the secretion mechanism. Lipases of family I.3 are secreted via the well-known type I secretion system. Like most of proteins secreted via this system, family I.3 lipases are composed of two domains with distinct yet related functions. Recent years have seen an increasing amount of research on this lipase family, in terms of isolation, secretion mechanism, as well as biochemical and biophysical studies. This review describes our current knowledge on the structure-function relationships of family I.3 lipase, with an emphasis on its secretion mechanism. Received 18 April 2006; received after revision 3 July 2006; accepted 24 August 2006     

Lipid-lowering drugs

Although a change in life-style is often the method of first choice for lipid lowering, lipid-lowering drugs, in general, help to control elevated levels of different forms of lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia. While one group of drugs, statins, lowers cholesterol, the other group, fibrates, is known to take care of fatty acids and triglycerides. In addition, other drugs, such as ezetimibe, colesevelam, torcetrapib, avasimibe, implitapide, and niacin are also being considered to manage hyperlipidemia. As lipids are very critical for cardiovascular diseases, these drugs reduce fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular abnormalities in the general population. However, a number of recent studies indicate that apart from their lipidlowering activities, statins and fibrates exhibit multiple functions to modulate intracellular signaling pathways, inhibit inflammation, suppress the production of reactive oxygen species, and modulate T cell activity. Therefore, nowadays, these drugs are being considered as possible therapeutics for several forms of human disorders including cancer, autoimmunity, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Here I discuss these applications in the light of newly discovered modes of action of these drugs. Received 5 September 2005; received after revision 29 December 2005; accepted 26 January 2006     

Huntington’s disease: from huntingtin function and dysfunction to therapeutic strategies

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that usually starts in middle age and is characterized by involuntary movements (chorea), personality changes and dementia, leading to death within 10–20 years. The defective gene in HD contains a trinucleotide CAG repeat expansion within its coding region that expresses a polyglutamine repeat in the protein huntingtin. Together with the characteristic formation of aggregates in HD, aberrant protein interactions and several post-translational modifications affect huntingtin during disease progression and lead to the dysfunction and death of selective neurons in the brains of patients. The exact molecular mechanisms by which mutant huntingtin induces cell death are not completely understood but may involve the gain of new toxic functions and the loss of the beneficial properties of huntingtin. This review focuses on the cellular functions in which huntingtin is involved and how a better understanding of pathogenic pathways can lead to new therapeutic approaches. Received 24 May 2006; received after revision 5 July 2006; accepted 23 August 2006     

公交优先的信号控制策略研究

研究了公交优先信号控制策略,模拟路边建立公交车辆检测器的情况下,不同交通流量和公交车发车间隔的最优控制策略,研究发现：当交通流量小于300辆／h．车道时,公交优先信号控制策略能显著地减少乘客的延误时间,而当交通流量达到500辆／h．车道时,即使有公交优先控制策略,而无公交专用道路,也不能有效减少乘客的延误时间,模拟实验的结果是：找到了使公交优先信号控制有效的交通流量和公交车发车间隔的阈值。     

高动态GPS/INS组合导航算法研究

首先介绍了新型深组合GPS/INS系统原理图及组合导航滤波算法。在该算法中,组合卡尔曼滤波器除完成INS误差及GPS接收机时钟误差的估计外,还参与了GPS码跟踪,即完成传统码跟踪环中环路滤波器的功能。采用自适应码跟踪误差估计器补偿组合卡尔曼滤波器测量值中的相关分量,从而消除了传统组合中不稳定的主要根源。然后进行了计算机仿真计算,仿真结果表明,新型深组合GPS/INS导航算法适用于机动性较高的载体。     

直扩信号的谱检测和神经网络估计

论述了二次谱理论、谱相关理论和神经网络方法在直接序列扩频(DS/SS)信号的检测与估计中的应用,提出了利用谱分析结合神经网络的方法来实现对低信噪比DS/SS信号的参数及其伪码(PN)序列的估计.计算机模拟结果表明,该方法在较低的输入信噪比条件下能良好地工作.     

摇摆显示装置图形界面的设计与实现

设计了一种新型＂助降灯臂＂的图形界面,它通过2台大屏幕显示器来中心对称地显示角度指针光带,从而精确地指示横摇角度.设计在基于TMS320C6416双通道视频显示系统的基础上进行,采用了硬件上实现效率较高的改进的Bresenham多点直线生成算法,用C语言分别对左向和右向指针屏幕进行了编制了相应的直线生成程序,并给出了结果,实现了横摇指示的可视化.     

输电线路行波电流全波采集装置的原理及应用

在现有的行波电流采集装置的技术方案上加以改进和创新,提出了的一种新型的行波电流信号采集电路。即利用一个多路开关对两个不同精度和测量范围的电流互感器进行切换的方式来分别实现测量用电流信号采集和故障电流的采集,利用一个FIFO存储器连接A/D转换器输出,实现数据的缓冲和临时存储,为后续的故障电流完整信息恢复提供支持,从而使测量精度和抗饱和能力得到提高。