Fe2+浓度对20号钢表面电镀Fe-Ni合金镀层的影响

采用电沉积技术在20号钢表面制备了Fe--Ni合金层,考察了镀液中Fe2+浓度对合金镀层沉积速度、镀层成分、相结构、镀层显微硬度和耐蚀性的影响规律,并探讨了耐蚀机理.实验结果表明:电镀Fe--Ni合金可获得纳米晶结构,随镀液中Fe2+浓度增加,镀层中含铁量增大;镀层显微硬度的变化与Fe原子在Ni晶格中有序固溶程度有关;Fe--Ni合金镀层的耐蚀性均优于20号钢,当镀液Fe2+浓度为0.01 mo.lL-1时,获得镀层具有最佳的耐蚀性.随镀层中铁含量增加,具有钝化特性的高含Ni的Fe--Ni相含量减少,耐蚀性下降,但该相纳米结构显著细化,加速钝化可提高耐蚀性,这一对矛盾导致镀层耐蚀性与铁含量间没有明显的变化规律.高孔隙率也是耐蚀性下降的原因之一.     

Morphology-controllable solvothermal synthesis of nanoscale LiFePO4 in a binary solvent

LiFePO4(LFP) nanobars,microplates and nanorods have been selectively synthesized via a solvothermal method in a water-ethylene glycol(EG) binary solvent with H3PO4,LiOH·H2O,and FeSO4·7H2O as starting materials.The morphology and size of the as-obtained LFP products can be deliberately controlled by varying the volume ratio of EG to water.The formation mechanism and electrochemical properties of different LFP morphologies have been investigated.With carbon coating,the Li-ion diffusion coefficients of LFP nanorods,nanobars and micro-plates are 2.58×10-9,2.91×10-10,and 7.22×10-10 cm2 s-1,respectively.For the carbon-coated nanorods,excellent rate capability and cyclability were attained.At 5 C,the capacity was 141 mAh g-1 for the first cycle and maintained 120 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles;at 10 C,the capacity was still as high as 132 mAh g-1.     

Magnetic Electrochemical Finishing Machining

How to improve the finishing efficiency and surface roughness have been all along the objective of research in electrochemical polishing. However, the research activity, i.e. during electrochemical polishing, directly introduce the magnetic field to study how the magnetic field influences on the finishing efficiency, quality and the electrochemical process in the field of finishing machining technology, is insufficient. When introducing additional magnetic field in the traditional electrochemical pol...     

聚Copp膜形成机理及在溶液中的电化学性质

用循环伏安法研究钴原卟啉二甲酯（ＣｏＰＰ）在玻璃碳电极上的氧化聚合。电化学和紫外光谱结果表明ＣｏＰＰ单体的聚合是由于卟啉环上乙烯取低基的其中一个发生取代而导致的。随着水溶液的ＰＨ值升高，聚ＣｏＰＰ膜中Ｃｏ＾３＋／Ｃｏ＾２＋的还原峰电位负移。     

Na/Al对赤泥-煤系偏高岭土地聚合物电化学响应的影响

本文对养护28d龄期不同Na/Al条件下的赤泥-煤系偏高岭土地聚合物的单轴抗压强度和电化学阻抗响应进行了系列测试和分析。根据地聚合物中离子扩散的特点,建立了基本等效电路模型,利用ZSimDemo3.30d软件拟合与解析等效电路,分析各电路元件参数与Na/Al的关系。结果表明,赤泥-煤系偏高岭土地聚合物的抗压强度随着Na/Al的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势。电化学阻抗谱测试结果显示,Nyquist图均呈现高频区扁平容抗弧和低频区不明显的扩散曲线;等效电路模型为R(Q(RW)),且随着Na/Al的增大,地聚合物体系的总电阻和硅铝酸盐凝胶中的双电层电容均呈先增大后减小的趋势,而电荷转移电阻随着Na/Al的增大呈减小趋势。本研究运用电化学阻抗谱技术对地聚合物的电化学阻抗特征进行分析,揭示了赤泥-煤系偏高岭土地聚合物抗压强度随Na/Al的变化规律,同时也证明了电化学阻抗谱技术运用于地聚合物强度测试的可行性,为地聚合物无损检测技术提供新思路、新手段。     

发动机叶片电解加工电解液流动方式优化及试验

提出新的主动控制的电解液流动方式,在该方式中,电解液从缘板两侧流入,分别流经叶盆、叶背流道.建立了流场数学模型,用有限元方法对流动方式进行分析,并与传统侧流式流动进行了对比,分析表明采用该主动控制型流动方式有助于流场的均匀稳定.为了验证该流动方式的合理性,进行了叶片电解加工对比试验.试验表明:与传统流动方式相比,采用新的主动控制流动方式,叶片的表面粗糙度从1.87提高到0.38,同时加工精度也提高了0.05mm,说明该流动方式设计合理,有利于提高叶片加工精度和表面质量.     

气体扩散层集流体对Ni(OH)2纳米结构电化学性能的影响

We report the electrochemical performance of Ni(OH)₂ on a gas diffusion layer (GDL). The Ni(OH)₂ working electrode was successfully prepared via a simple method, and its electrochemical performance in 1 M NaOH electrolyte was investigated. The electrochemical results showed that the Ni(OH)₂/GDL provided the maximum specific capacitance value (418.11 F·g?1) at 1 A·g?1. Furthermore, the Ni(OH)₂ electrode delivered a high specific energy of 17.25 Wh·kg?1 at a specific power of 272.5 W·kg?1 and retained about 81% of the capacitance after 1000 cycles of galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) measurements. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the occurrence of sodium deposition after long-time cycling, which caused the reduction in the specific capacitance. This study results suggest that the light-weight GDL, which can help overcome the problem of the oxide layer on metal–foam substrates, is a promising current collector to be used with Ni-based electroactive materials for energy storage applications.     

γ射线还原的氧化石墨烯的电学、热学和电化学性能

The properties of γ-ray-reduced graphene oxide samples (GRGOs) were compared with those of hydrazine hydrate-reduced graphene oxide (HRGO). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, electrometry, and cyclic voltammetry were carried out to verify the reduction process, structural changes, and defects of the samples, as well as to measure their thermal, electrical, and electrochemical properties. Irradiation with γ-rays distorted the structure of GRGOs and generated massive defects through the extensive formation of new smaller sp2-hybridized domains compared with those of HRGO. The thermal stability of GRGOs was higher than that of HRGO, indicating the highly efficient removal of thermally-labile oxygen species by γ-rays. RRGO prepared at 80 kGy showed a pseudocapacitive behavior comparable with the electrical double-layer capacitance behavior of HRGO. Interestingly, the specific capacitance of GRGO was enhanced by nearly three times compared with that of HRGO. These results reflect the advantages of radiation reduction in energy storage applications.     

软硬双模板法制备双介孔炭及其储锂性能研究

以中间相沥青为前驱体,三嵌段共聚物F127和纳米CaCO_3分别为软硬模板剂,采用有机-无机自组装方式制备双介孔炭(BMCs)用作锂离子电池负极材料。借助XRD、Roman、SEM、TEM、氮气吸脱附及恒电流充放电测试对所制双介孔炭材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能进行了表征,研究了软硬模板剂比例与热处理温度对其孔结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,当中间相沥青、三嵌段共聚物F127、纳米CaCO_3质量比为2∶1∶7时,所制备的双介孔炭材料电化学性能最佳,在100 mA/g的电流密度下,该材料首次放电比容量可达563.2 mAh/g,100次循环容量保持率为81.25%,在2000 mA/g的电流密度下,其放电比容量为206.3mAh/g;随着热处理温度的升高,双介孔炭孔道结构逐渐坍塌,其可逆储锂容量不断降低,在热处理温度为1800℃时降到最低值,当热处理温度进一步升高达到2300℃以上时,因石墨微晶排列有序度大幅提高,有利于锂离子的嵌入脱出,由此导致材料的可逆储锂容量又开始不断增加。热处理温度低于2300℃时,材料的储锂容量主要取决于其内部缺陷及孔隙,在2300℃及更高温度进行热处理时,材料的储锂容量主要为层间插锂容量。     

天然海水中氨基酸复合缓蚀剂对黄铜缓蚀性能的研究

采用动电位极化和交流阻抗法测定海水环境中L-半胱氨酸及赖氨酸对黄铜试样的缓蚀性能，然后将这两种氨基酸分别与葡萄糖酸钠复配，研究其缓蚀协同作用。结果表明：单独使用L-半胱氨酸及赖氨酸，缓蚀效率最高分别为87.5%和89.93%；与葡萄糖酸钠复配后，两组复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能均显著提高，缓蚀效率分别达到97.35%和98.62%；两种氨基酸缓蚀剂在黄铜表面的吸附均遵从Langmuir吸附等温线。葡萄糖酸钠的加入弥补了单独使用氨基酸缓蚀剂吸附膜致密性差的缺陷，另外扫描电镜实验结果也显示缓蚀剂的加入明显抑制了金属的腐蚀。