Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).     

定-转子反应器在水脱氧工艺中的应用研究

在定-转子反应器中采用N₂-水脱氧、CO₂-水脱氧两个体系脱除水中的溶氧，考察了转子转速、液体体积流量以及气体体积流量对脱氧率和传质系数的影响，并对比了两个水脱氧体系的脱氧效果。实验结果表明：脱氧率随转子转速和气体体积流量的增加而升高，随液体体积流量的增加而降低；传质系数随着转子转速、液体体积流量、气体体积流量的增加而增加；此外，N₂-水脱氧体系的脱氧效果要优于CO₂-水脱氧体系。     

Research on intelligent ultrasonic thickness measurement system applied to large area of hull

For a ship in service,seawater corrosion is unavoidable.In order to ensure navigation safety and master the steel plate thickness in service ship,thickness of the ship steel plate must be tested periodically by a scientific method.After consideration of an actual situation of thickness measurement,the bearing mechanism of ultrasonic thickness meter probe has been designed on the basis of wall-climbing robot,and preliminary experiments have been carried out.The device is mainly used for thickness measurement of a large area of ship hull plate when the docking ship has been sandblasted.Efficiency and safety can be improved to finish thickness measurement by using the device.     

小型钢轨损伤自动检测装置的开发

在分析了目前国内外钢轨磨耗检测技术的特点及方法的基础上,结合铁路工务段的实际检测需要,提出了小型钢轨损伤自动监测装置的整体方案。利用光电检测技术、微处理器技术及数据处理技术完成了检测装置的开发,并进行了试验测试,结果表明检测系统具有检测速度快、精度高、性能可靠的特点。开发的装置便于携带,具有人机对话功能,解决了目前检测设备普遍体积过大、携带不方便及检测效率低等问题。     

能量转换量子系统的热力学特性及其研究进展

量子物理是理解微观粒子运动规律的现代物理学理论.它与信息、生命以及化学等学科相互联系日益紧密,引发了许多新技术革命,深刻影响着人类的生活,已成为社会经济发展的原动力之一.当前,量子物理和能源科学结合,正在产生新的学科生长点.本文主要概述多种类型能量转换量子系统的发展;结合国内外的研究现状,系统地阐明如何应用热力学理论研究量子体系的能量操控以及微观器件的优化设计;总结量子热力学循环、能量选择量子电子器件、量子点热管理器件等在理论和实验方面研究的代表性成果和进展;展望量子物理与能源科学交叉领域发展的新方向.     

基于知识转移的组织学习机制研究

如何将组织学习从意识形态转换为组织中的学习的现实方法和工具,是学习型组织成功的关键环节。通过对组织知识转移过程中的学习方式和相应的组织学习机制的分析,探讨了组织如何根据不同的知识转移方式设计相应的组织学习机制的方法。     

增升装置中的流动控制技术

阐述了襟翼涡流发生器、主翼后缘偏折技术、Zhu’s襟翼、自激励运动襟翼、零质量射流、等离子体技术以及动力增升等各类主动控制技术的工作原理及其增升效果分析和具体应用情况.结果表明,这些流动控制新技术对于进一步提高民用飞机的增升效果具有巨大的潜力.     

U型或浮头式换热器管板中的热应力及其主要影响因素研究

采用有限元法研究了U型或浮头式换热器管板中的热应力，并考察了管板厚度及管壳程对流换热系数的影响。研究结果表明，对于U型或浮头式换热器，管板内仍存在较大的热应力，这是由于管板上换热管中热量传递造成的，并且当管板较厚时这种应力更为突出；在管程走热流体时，管板两侧表面存在拉伸热应力，降低管板厚度可以有效地降低由热载荷引起的管板壳程侧表面热应力，壳程侧表面热应力可由40 MPa降至-13 MPa；壳程传热系数对管板温度场的影响明显，在换热器设计中使对流换热系数较低的介质走壳程有利于降低管板的热应力。     

Membrane sorption property effects on transmembrane permeation

A theoretical study was carried out into membrane transport phenomena.Formulae for calculating the membrane transport resistance and transmembrane mass flux were given,variations in membrane resistance and moisture flux with the membrane sorption constant(C)under various humidity conditions were analyzed,and the value of C corresponding to the minimum membrane resistance or the maximum moisture flux was obtained.The results show that the membrane resistance and moisture flux relate not only to C but also to the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.As C increases,membrane resistance initially decreases but then increases,i.e.,a minimum occurs,while the moisture flux first decreases and then increases,i.e.,a maximum occurs.The membrane resistance and moisture flux reach their extrema at the same value of C,which is determined by the relative humidities on both sides of the membrane.To reduce the membrane resistance,the value of C should be chosen based on the humidity conditions.     

知识转移的心理基础探析

介绍了知识转移的概念及过程,以管理心理学相关理论为基础,重点分析了知识转移过程中涉及的人的心理动机因素,提出了相关激励措施.