Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

A major metabolite of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol reduces its cataleptic effect in mice

Summary The results described here demonstrate that THC-induced catalepsy in mice can be substantially inhibited by the prior administration of ¹-THC-7-oic acid, the major metabolite of THC in most species including humans. This raises the possibility that the intensity and duration of action of THC may depend to a large degree on the levels of this metabolite at the sites of action.We thank the National Institute on Drug Abuse for supporting this project by grants DA-02043 and DA-02052 and for supplying all of the cannabinoids. One of us (S.B.) is also the recipient of a Research Scientist Award from NIDA. We are grateful to Kristen Carlson and Thomas Honeyman for helpful suggestions in preparing this report.     

Bi系高温超导带材冷压工艺优化试验

采用套管法（ＰＥＴ）制备Ｂｉ系高温超导带材,进行了冷压工艺的优化研究。试验结果表明,Ｂｉ系带材所能承受的压力有一个限值,若超过这个限值后,密度虽可提高,但晶粒破碎严重Ｊｃ值反而降低,带材优化的冷压工艺参数是８３８℃／６０ｈ＋冷压＋８３８℃／６０ｈ。第１次压力为２ＧＰａ,第２次２．５ＧＰａ;冷压压下速率为１．５×１０＾－４ｍｍ／ｓ。同时研究还表明冷压的主要作用是提高带材的致密度和晶粒取向度,最终改善     

变质量高阶非线性非完整系统的相对论性Kane方程

本文在同时考虑经典变质量和相对论变质量的情况下,由相对论性成有Ｄ’Ａｌｅｍｂｅｒｔ原理推导出变质量高阶非线性非完整系统的相对论性Ｋａｎｅ方程。     

非谐振多光子过程的原子压缩效应

考虑非谐振情况下的多光子跃迁过程,在ｋ≥ｒ⊥,ｒ∥的条件下,利用绝热近似方法,由线性Ｆｏｋｋｅｒ－Ｐｌａｎｃｋ方程导出此过程的原子压缩表示式。     

2,2''''-二苯基二硫的间接电解氧化合成

以KJ—NaI为间接电解质，丙酮为溶剂，用间接电解氧化的方法对硫酚进行偶联，高产率地得到了偶联产物2，2’-二苯基二硫(Ph2S2)．     

南极冰表面上ClONO2与Cl-的反应机理研究

 采用密度泛函理论计算方法B3LYP和基组6-31G(d,p),对ClONO₂+Cl-(H₂O)_n^→Cl₂+NO₃^-(H₂O)_n(n=0,1,2)的反应机理进行了理论计算研究.研究发现,随着参与反应的水分子数n的增加,反应活化能垒降低.计算结果表明,在冰表面上,水一方面通过氢键的参与形成环形团簇复合物降低活化能;另一方面,水分子作为桥,辅助分子间质子发生迁移,加快反应进程,对反应起到一定的催化作用.这与实验观察到的结果相一致.     

局部密度函数的支持向量机估计法

研究了用局部密度函数表示连续型随机变量的未确知信息问题，给出了估计局部密度函数的支持向量机算法．     

高温高压振动丝黏度仪的研制

在振动丝技术的基础上,设计和制造出一种黏度仪,其工作原理是将截面为圆形的振动丝浸在待测液体中,然后让振动丝进行垂直于中心轴线的横向振动,从而测定流体的黏度和密度,写出了相应的工作方程,并对振动丝黏度仪的设计和操作过程进行了描述.振动丝黏度仪主要包括振动丝传感器、温度控制系统、压力控制系统和信号调节系统.确定了仪器的操作参数,测定了正己烷在298.15~403.15K、0.10MPa和5.1MPa两个压力条件下的黏度和密度.比较实验数据和文献数据可知,本仪器测量密度时测量误差小于±0.50/0,测量黏度时的测量精度为±0.50/0,测量误差在±2.00/0以内.目前该仪器已经用于高温高压液体黏度和密度的测定.     

CS自由基与O2反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)和G3方法，对CS自由基与O2的反应进行了研究．在UB3LYP／6—31G^*．UB3LYP／6-31 G^**和G3计算水平上，优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型，在G3水平上计算了它们的能量，并对它们进行了内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算和振动分析，以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性．研究结果表明：CS自由基与O2反应有3条通道，其中1条反应活化能很小，反应极易发生．计算结果与实验结果相一致．