Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with spider egg sacs

Aranobroter rayorae, gen. et sp. n., is described as a gregarious predator of spider eggs within egg sacs of Metepeira incrassata (Araneidae) from Veracruz, Mexico. Baryscapus uetzi, sp. n., is described as an internal parasitoid of A. rayorae. The biology of these two species is discussed. A review of Tetrastichinae associated with spider egg sacs includes new North American records.     

Immature stages of Chinavia musiva (Berg, 1878): a unique pattern in the morphology of Chinavia Orian, 1965 (Hemiptera,Pentatomidae)1

Specimens of Chinavia musiva were collected in Parque Estadual do Espinilho (Barra do Quaraí County, RS, Brazil). Insects were reared under controlled conditions (24±1°C; RH 70±10%; 12h L:12h D), and fed on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Eggs of C. musiva differ from the pattern observed in other species of the genus due to chorion colour and surface, and aero‐micropylar processes, number and shape. Exclusive features of the species in the nymphal stage are head and thorax dull; variegated pattern of abdomen, and openings of the scent glands in conspicuous tubercles. Developmental time was, on average, 52 days; females laid more frequently egg masses with 14 or 42 eggs. Females collected from the field as nymphs exhibited higher reproductive performance than females reared on green beans as nymphs and adults, suggesting that wild hosts could be essential for the species life cycle.     

XVII.—Eine neue limacodide von Uganda (Lep.)

Intusatrium berryi sp. nov. and Holorchis sprenti sp. nov. are described from the gut of Sillago ciliata, S. maculata and S. analis from Deception Bay, Queensland. Intusatrium berryi is distinguished from its congeners by egg-size, the position of the genital pore, the size of the cirrus-sac and the lobation of the gonads. Intusatrium is retained as a valid genus despite the fact that its original diagnostic character was misinterpreted. It is suggested that I. robustum and I. secundum may prove to be synonymous. Holorchis sprenti can be distinguished from its congeners by the position of the ovary near the middle of the uterine field and by its smaller size.     

Interspecific differences in early life‐history traits in crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies,Caudata, Salamandridae) from the Balkan Peninsula

We studied intraspecific and interspecific variations of early life‐history traits for four crested newt species with different habitat preferences. Although we found considerable variation in size and growth rate between offspring of conspecific females, the species effect appeared to be much more pronounced. The crested newt species we examined differed in egg size, size of larvae at hatching and growth rate. Triturus dobrogicus appeared to be the outlier species among these species, and showed (1) the smallest egg size, (2) the smallest larval size at hatching and (3) the longest larval period, resulting in the largest metamorphosed juveniles.     

Embryo retention,character optimization,and the origin of the extra‐embryonic membranes of the amniotic egg

This study summarizes the data relevant to understanding the appearance of the amniotic egg and provides new analyses to determine the inferences that can be drawn from these data. A survey of the recent literature shows that a consensus exists on the probably primitive absence of extended embryo retention in caecilians, despite recent suggestions to the contrary. The two most recent studies on the evolution of embryo retention in sarcopterygians both suggest that early amniotes lacked extended embryo retention. New analyses of length distribution of random trees suggest that the data on embryo retention do not include a phylogenetic signal, and this implies that character optimization of these data does not yield reliable information on the primitive condition for amniotes. Thus, the study of ancestral features of amniotes will probably have to exploit data from the fossil record.     

加水量对蛋黄粉凝胶特性的影响

以蛋黄粉为原料，研究了水的添加量对蛋黄粉凝胶特性的影响．采用质构仪的HDP／SR和P／36R探头对凝胶的质构特性进行了测定，研究表明加水量对蛋黄粉凝胶质构特性有显著影响；采用Ellman’S试剂法研究了加水量对凝胶表面巯基数的影响，研究表明随着加水量的增大，蛋黄粉凝胶表面巯基数随之减少．     

夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)的繁殖、生长和恒温能力发育的研究

1990年2月——1991年7月在牌坊鸟岛观察了26窝87只雏夜鹭。该鸟三月下旬迁来营巢,产卵3——5枚(平均3.35),卵均重31.77g,k_w=0.500。孵化期21——26天(平均23.2),孵化率高达92.68％,孵化期卵失水率24.27％,育雏期30——35天。25日令雏鸟体重达成鸟的88.14％,其体重生长模型为w_t=516.8481/(1 e~(2.7555-0.2389t))。恒温发育分三期:①1——4天为迅速发育期,②4——19天为缓慢上升期,③19天后为恒温建立期,雏鸟食性为蛙(48％)、泥鳅(35％)和鱼(17％)。     

鸡蛋中罗硝唑、甲硝哒唑、迪美唑的分析

目的研究测定鸡蛋中罗硝唑、甲硝哒唑、迪美唑方法。方法采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术。结果试样在用乙腈进行简单萃取和有机溶剂蒸发后,过滤萃取物,并将所得产物直接注入C18柱的LC-MS-MS系统。其中,母系离子[M H] 由正极气体电离源分裂氩气产生。监测极限、回收率、线性相关性、重现性等有效参数都得以测定。结论方法具有相对快速、灵敏和良好选择性的特点。由于使用了多重控制转移的方法,对试样进行的前处理简单及具有高度的专一性。     

鸡蛋蛋白质水解多肽分子量分布的研究

采用超滤法结合凝胶过滤色谱法，测定了鸡蛋蛋白水解产物肽分子量的分布情况，结果表明：鸡蛋蛋白质水解多肽分子量是连续分布的，分子量1000以下占66．57％，分子量1000－2000之间占3．42％，分子量2000－4000之间占6．28％，分子量4000－10000之间占7．73％，分子量10000以上占16．00％。