考虑断裂过程区的混凝土Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型断裂判据研究

根据以前的混凝土Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型断裂实验资料,同时采用数值模拟实验的方法,基于双K断裂准则,分别计算了混凝土Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型断裂试件失稳断裂破坏时,断裂过程区影响的临界有效裂缝长度ac及应力强度因子KⅠ、KⅡ。根据分析计算结果,建立了考虑断裂过程区的新的Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型断裂K判据,并与课题组以前的K判据作了分析比较。     

改进型多路径分配模型及算法设计

针对现有的有效路径和有效路段两个概念存在的缺点 ,通过引入量化指标——临界相对差重新定义它们 ,对改进的多路径分配模型进行了深入探讨 ,并通过一个路网实例进行验证 ,取得了满意的结果 .     

电流变液的固态结构

电流变体系在外场作用下形成一定的固态结构,而其性能与所形成的结构密切相关.不考虑体系非静电力时,体系自由能为静电能的负值,而静电能与有效介电常数成正比.基于Maxwell-Wagner模型,推导出有效介电常数关于颗粒体积比的一系列正幂项解析表达式,计算球颗粒悬浮于介质或导电液体中构成的3种立方结构的有效介电常数.计算结果表明:电流变体系中球颗粒为介质球或是导体球构成3种立方结构中FCC结构具有最低的自由能.电流变液在由液相向固相转变的过程中,形成的固态结构为FCC结构.     

Orb‐web spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae; Orbiculariae) captured by hunting‐wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in an area of Atlantic Forest in south‐eastern Brazil

Members of two hunting‐wasp families, Pompilidae and Sphecidae, are among the major predators of orb‐web spiders. In this study, we collected paralysed spiders from natural nests and trap‐nests provisioned by sphecids in an area of Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and compared these data with the composition of species collected by visual searching during one year. Prey preferences were analysed based on the relative abundance of spider species, their size and web characteristics. We also compiled a list of orb‐weavers captured by four sphecid genera reported in 40 other studies. A large number of prey was obtained from natural nests of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albonigrum in Parque Estadual Intervales, especially species of Eustala, Parawixia, and Araneus (Araneidae). Other prey, stored in trap‐nests by T. lactitarse and unidentified hunting‐wasp species, included Nephila (Tetragnathidae), Parawixia, Ocrepeira, Mecynogea, Acacesia (Araneidae), and other spider species that were less abundant. All the species that were heavily preyed upon had a relatively lower abundance in our samples of prey availability. The range of body sizes of spiders captured by Trypoxylon in our study area include the size of some abundant orb‐weavers always absent in their nests. These results indicate that factors other than abundance in the field and the spider's size influence prey selection or susceptibility to attack.     

The behaviour of Cotinis nitida Linnaeus,the green June beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), on mowed lawns makes them especially vulnerable to bird predators

ABSTRACT

Males of the green June beetle Cotinis nitida are regularly attacked by birds as they search for females on lawns but which bird species feeds on the beetle changes from year to year. In 2018 for the first time on a farm in northern Virginia, brown thrashers (Toxostomum rufum) joined blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) as major predators of the beetles. The two species employed very different tactics when hunting for June beetles, with the thrashers searching while walking forward on the mowed lawn while the jays scanned for beetles when perched in trees about the lawn. The beetles became very scarce at the lawn in early July in 2017 and 2018 and their predators apparently moved elsewhere. Subsequently, male beetles were occasionally observed patrolling a nearby hayfield in search of mates with rare copulations recorded after July 15. Because predatory birds could not exploit the beetles in the tall grass of the hayfield it seems likely that the mowed lawn constituted an evolutionarily novel ecological trap which made searching beetles conspicuous and easily captured by beetle-hunting birds.     

浅谈对书标的有效保护

介绍了书标的原则和作用,根据馆藏图书书标破损的实际情况,提出了一系列书标加固措施,以保证书标的完整、清晰,为读者查找图书提供方便。     

吹扫捕集气质联用法检测供水管网中消毒副产物——三氯乙醛

建立了供水管网中三氯乙醛的吹扫捕集/GC-MS检测方法.吹扫捕集与碱化反应同时进行,三氯乙醛完全快速转化为三氯甲烷,通过检测加碱前后管网水中三氯甲烷的含量,间接计算出管网水中三氯乙醛的含量.方法的线性范围为0～20μg/L,检出限为0.16μg/L,相对标准偏差<5%,平均回收率为90%～100%.     

D0实验e~＋e~-前后不对称及弱混合角sin~2θW测量

我们在1.96TeV质子-反质子Tevatron对撞机D0实验中,测量了pp→Z/γ→e＋e-过程末态电子电荷前后不对称分布.通过这一过程,我们测量了基本物理常数弱混合角sin2θW=0.2309±0.0008（stat.）±0.0006（syst.）,以及Z玻色子与up-/down-轻夸克V-A耦合常数.这是迄今为止与轻夸克相关有效弱混合角、以及Zqq相互作用常数最精确的测量结果,从而为检验标准模型提供了新的实验标准.     

师本教育中高校教师的全面发展

教师的发展是教育教学过程的核心问题，教师的成长与进步是学校管理的重要问题之一。高校如果要创建人本化校园，首先要以教师为本，即注重师本教育。采取各种有效措施促进教师的全面发展显得尤为重要，只有这样教师才能更好地做到以生为本。     

大学生职业生涯规划教育研究

大学生职业生涯规划教育是高校思想政治教育的重要内容，高校管理者要不断提高认识，加强实践和相关研究工作，强化职业生涯规划教育的师资队伍建设．这些措施对促进大学生成长成才，提高大学生的就业竞争能力大有裨益．